Sea Limited (SE) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Sea Limited (SE -1.36%)
Q4 2022 Earnings Call
Mar 07, 2023, 7:30 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good morning and good evening. Welcome to the Sea Limited fourth quarter and full year 2022 results conference call. [Operator instructions] After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note, this event is being recorded.

I would now like to turn the conference over to Ms. Minju Song. Please go ahead.

Minju Song -- Senior Manager, Group CCO Office

Hello everyone, and welcome to Sea's 2022 fourth quarter and full year earnings conference call. I'm Minju Song from Sea's group chief corporate officer's office. Before we continue, I would like to remind you that we may make forward-looking statements, which are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and may not be realized in the future for various reasons, as stated in our press release. Also, this call includes the discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures such as adjusted EBITDA.

We believe these measures can enhance our investors' understanding of the actual cash flows of our major businesses when used as a complement to our GAAP disclosures. For a discussion of the use of non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliation with the closest GAAP measures, please refer to the section on non-GAAP financial measures in our press release. I have with me Sea's chairman and group chief executive officer, Forrest Li; group chief financial officer, Tony Hou; and group chief corporate officer, Yanjun Wang. Our management will share strategy and business updates, operating highlights, and financial performance for the fourth quarter and full year of 2022.

This will be followed by a Q&A session in which we welcome any questions you have. With that, let me turn the call over to Forrest.

Forrest Li -- Chairman, Group Chief Executive Officer

Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining today's call. 2022 was another year of evolution for us. Given the macro uncertainties, we pivoted decisively late last year to focus on efficiency and profitability. As a result, we began to see meaningful improvements in the bottom line.

For the fourth quarter, our net income and the total adjusted EBITDA both turned positive. Moreover, we generated $320 million of cash from operations in the quarter. It has not been an easy journey. We could make these significant shifts within such a short period of time only because of the collective efforts of our Sea team as a whole and the very strong determination and resilience that our team has demonstrated.

We took the hard path, but we believe this is the right path to achieve long-term success. As we continue this transition and manage sustainable growth going forward, we have adopted the approach of doing less but doing it better. First, we sharpened our focus on areas with the greatest potential across our businesses. We exited or downsized operations in noncore markets, streamlined our game pipeline with divestments and project closures; and deprioritized noncore initiatives.

These measures brought immediate cost improvements. More importantly, they allowed us to focus our managerial, operational, and financial resources on doing the core things better. Meanwhile, we focused on doing better for our users across our digital ecosystem. At Shopee, we continued to optimize customer services, seller management, and logistics.

At Garena, we worked to improve the accessibility and the content quality of our core games. We have also been leveraging SeaMoney's strong synergies with the rest of our ecosystem to better serve the under-addressed financial needs in our market. I will elaborate more in detail during the segment discussion. Given the macro uncertainty and our recent strong pivot, we continue to closely monitor the market environment and adjust our pace and fine-tune our operations accordingly.

As a result, there may be near-term fluctuations in our results and performance. However, we remain highly confident in the long-term growth potential of our markets and highly focused on capturing this opportunity. More importantly, our determination and ability to execute toward profitability enable us to start 2023 on a much stronger footing. Let's now discuss each business segment in detail.

Starting with e-commerce, I'm pleased to share that Shopee's adjusted EBITDA turned positive for the first time in the fourth quarter of 2022. The improvements we achieved in core marketplace revenue and operating costs were key factors driving fourth quarter profitability. In the fourth quarter, GAAP revenue was $2.1 billion, up 32% year on year. This was mainly due to strong growth in core marketplace revenue.

Within the core marketplace revenue, both transaction-based fees and advertising revenue increased as we deepened monetization and saw greater investment by sellers on our platform to serve buyers better. Full year performance generally mirrored the trends of the fourth quarter, with GAAP revenue growing 42% from 2021. In terms of operating costs, we made improvements across each of the major expenses in the fourth quarter. GAAP sales and marketing expenses improved by 34% quarter on quarter and 55% year on year, driven by more targeted investments across shipping incentives and brand marketing.

There were also sequential improvements in R&D and G&A expenses. Now, looking at each region. In our Asia markets, we recorded a positive adjusted EBITDA of $320 million in the fourth quarter. This represents a significant improvement from the previous quarter, which had an adjusted EBITDA loss of $217 million.

In our other markets, the adjusted EBITDA loss also decreased by more than 50% quarter on quarter to $124 million. In Brazil, we continued to enjoy strong improvements in unit economics. Our contribution margin loss per order decreased by 54% from the previous quarter to $0.47. During 2022, we have been able to drive meaningful improvements in logistics costs to our ecosystem.

This will remain an important area of focus going forward. We believe that lowering the cost to serve will be key to our long-term growth by unlocking large, underserved user segments across our markets. While we have already seen early results from these efforts, there is still greater room for improvement. In addition to cost management, we remain highly focused on improving user experience.

For example, we have been systematically reviewing and optimizing our process management for customer services. We focus not only on setting key metrics and targets for general user experience but also on more proactive management of tail cases. On logistics, we have been working to provide a more efficient and reliable experience to our users. This includes reducing wait times, minimizing delivery losses, and providing a more seamless in-app experience to both sellers and buyers in managing logistics.

The macroenvironment remains uncertain, and there are still headwinds on consumption in our markets. With our recent pivot, we are showing a positive bottom line for the first time. As such, our focus this year will be to continue to solidify the efficiency gains and optimize the cost structure across our markets. In our Asia markets, we will work to further strengthen our leading position and profitability.

In Brazil, we will focus on driving the business toward profitability to capture the significant opportunity in this new market. GMV will largely remain an output for us in the near term. It is important to reemphasize our long-term focus on sustainable growth for Shopee. In our view, e-commerce penetration in our markets remains low as compared to its full potential relative to offline retail.

Our markets also enjoy highly favorable demographical trends in terms of their large and growing digital population. This is further supported by the long-term economic growth potential across our markets. The key question presented to us at this stage is how much of these underserved needs for online consumption we can sustainably address. This determines the size of the profitable TAM we will be able to capture.

We believe a large part of the answer lies in our ability to continue to improve the cost structure of our ecosystem through creativity, technology, operational excellence, and most importantly, an unwavering commitment to serve our users. We believe everything we are doing now is to better position us to achieve sustainable growth, profitability, and the defensibility of our ecosystem in the long run. Now, let's turn to digital entertainment. In 2022, online games as a market was broadly impacted by ongoing moderation in user engagement and monetization.

Our games experienced similar trends. During the fourth quarter, Garena's GAAP revenue was $949 million and bookings were $544 million. Quarterly active users reached 486 million, with 44 million quarterly paying users. The paying user ratio and average revenue per user remained relatively stable quarter on quarter.

For the full year of 2022, GAAP revenue was $3.9 billion, with bookings at $2.8 billion. Despite the ongoing moderation, we remain highly focused on sustaining our current core games. We prioritize user engagement by offering better and more enjoyable experiences in our games. We have targeted initiatives for existing and returning users.

We have also been streamlining game content to improve accessibility and gameplay for all users across diverse markets. In managing cost efficiency, we have comprehensively reviewed our publishing and self-development pipeline in line with our principle of doing less but doing it better. As a result, we have divested and closed certain projects and remain selective about high-potential projects to better direct our resources. This year, we will focus on solidifying our strengths in core games and communities while continuing to position ourselves to pursue long-term growth opportunities as they arise.

Lastly, our digital financial services business. SeaMoney's GAAP revenue was $380 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, up 92% year on year. Adjusted EBITDA also turned positive for the first time at $76 million for the fourth quarter. The improvement in profitability was driven by both strong top-line growth and optimization of sales and marketing spend.

For the full year of 2022, GAAP revenue was $1.2 billion, growing 160% year on year; and adjusted EBITDA loss was $229 million. As of the end of the fourth quarter, the total loans receivable on our balance sheet was $2.1 billion, net of allowance for credit losses of $239 million. Our SeaMoney business is a highly synergistic part of our digital ecosystem. For example, our mobile wallet has resulted in lower transaction costs and a more seamless transaction experience on Shopee.

Shopee, in turn, has allowed the mobile wallet to grow its user base and build user habits more efficiently. With Shopee, our credit business is able to leverage a large captive user base, a highly relevant use case with significant scale, and a wealth of user insights for more effective underwriting. At the same time, Shopee benefits as consumers enjoy more flexible payment options, access to credit, and greater affordability. We expect our digital insurance, wealth management, and bank businesses to enjoy similar synergies with our e-commerce platform to serve the large, underserved communities in our markets.

We see SeaMoney as an important long-term growth engine for us. We will continue to prioritize the ecosystem strategy in pursuing this significant opportunity with efficiency and profitability. To conclude, our performance in the fourth quarter was an important demonstration of our ability to focus on profitability and deliver meaningful results. This is a testament to the strength and the resilience of our underlying business model and the execution capabilities of our teams.

Although we expect macro uncertainty to continue to cloud the horizon in the near term, the long-term potential of our businesses and markets remains vast. We plan to capture these opportunities while delivering strong and sustained shareholder returns over time. With that, I will invite Tony to discuss our financials.

Tony Hou -- Group Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Forrest, and thanks to everyone for joining the call. We have included detailed financial schedules, together with the corresponding management analysis, in today's press release, and Forrest has discussed some of our financial highlights, so I will focus my comments on the other relevant metrics. For Sea overall, total GAAP revenue increased 7% year on year to $3.5 billion in the fourth quarter and 25% year on year to $12.4 billion for the full year of 2022. This was primarily driven by the improved monetization in our e-commerce and digital financial services businesses, partially offset by lower GAAP revenue in our digital entertainment business.

On e-commerce, our fourth quarter GAAP revenue of $2.1 billion included GAAP marketplace revenue of $1.8 billion, up 43% year on year; and GAAP product revenue of $0.3 billion. For the full year of 2022, GAAP revenue of $7.3 billion included GAAP marketplace revenue of $6.2 billion, up 52% year on year; and GAAP product revenue of $1.1 billion. E-commerce adjusted EBITDA turned positive for the first time in the fourth quarter at $196 million. The improvements were mainly from more targeted investments in our sales and marketing spending, deepened monetization, and other optimization of cost structure.

Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was also positively impacted by approximately $80 million of accruals reversal resulting from changes in previous estimations of certain expenses as we made the management decision to strongly pivot to a clear focus on cost efficiency. 2022 full year adjusted EBITDA loss improved by 34% year on year to $1.7 billion. Digital entertainment bookings were $544 million in the fourth quarter and $2.8 billion for the full year of 2022. GAAP revenue was $949 million in the fourth quarter and $3.9 billion for the full year of 2022.

Digital entertainment adjusted EBITDA was $258 million in the fourth quarter and $1.3 billion for the full year of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we also recognized an impairment of goodwill charge of $178 million pertaining to certain historical investments for the digital entertainment business. Impairment of goodwill are excluded from segment-adjusted EBITDA calculations as it is not reflective of the underlying trend in our current quarter operating performance. Digital financial services GAAP revenue was up by 92% year on year to $380 million in the fourth quarter and up by 160% year on year to $1.2 billion for the full year of 2022.

This was mainly driven by the growth in our credit business. Adjusted EBITDA turned positive for the first time at $76 million in the fourth quarter, and adjusted EBITDA loss was $229 million for the full year of 2022. Improvements in the bottom line were driven by both strong top-line growth and optimization of sales and marketing spend. As of the end of the fourth quarter, total loans receivable was $2.1 billion, net of allowance for credit losses of $239 million.

Nonperforming loans past due by more than 90 days as a percentage of our total gross loans receivable declined from less than 4% in the third quarter to less than 2%, mainly due to the shortening of loan write-off periods in a certain market from 180 days to 120 days in the fourth quarter based on our assessment of historical credit losses. Without this change in write-off period, the ratio would be around 5%. Returning to our consolidated numbers, we recognized a net nonoperating income of $35 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to a net nonoperating loss of $71 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Our nonoperating income for the fourth quarter was primarily due to our $200 million net gain from 2022 convertible bond repurchase, partially offset by investment losses recognized amid lower valuations in the broader market.

For the full year, our net nonoperating loss was $13 million, compared to loss of $132 million for the full year of 2021. We had a net income tax credit of $43 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to net income tax expense of $106 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The income tax credit was primarily due to recognition of deferred tax assets from certain tax losses carried forward from our e-commerce business, partially offset by income tax incurred by our digital entertainment business. We recognized the deferred tax assets as we assessed that it is more likely than not that our future taxable income will be sufficient to allow the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

For the full year, our net income tax expense was $168 million, compared to $333 million for the full year of 2021. As a result, net income was $423 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, as compared to net loss of $616 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. This included negative impacts of $178 million impairment of goodwill related to certain historical investments for the digital entertainment business and the positive impact of $200 million net gain on debt extinguishment, as well as positive impact of approximately $130 million in accruals reversal. For the full year, net loss was $1.7 billion.

With that, let me turn the call to Minju.

Minju Song -- Senior Manager, Group CCO Office

Thank you, Forrest and Tony. We are now ready to open the call for questions. As usual, our group chief corporate officer, Yanjun Wang, will lead this part. Operator.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Our first question comes from Pang Vitt from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Pang Vittayaamnuaykoon -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Thank you very much for the opportunity and congratulations management team on a very strong quarter and solid turnaround. Two questions from me, please, on Shopee. Number one, can you please explain to us on the major drivers that led to this really fast turnaround in Shopee earnings this quarter? How did you manage to achieve this? Is it by way of the take rate increase and this cost-cutting or is there a deliberate attempt to cut off unprofitable GMV in order to achieve this? That's question number one. Question number two, going forward, as you have already achieved solid turnaround in bottom line, how do you plan to balance between growth and profitability? How do we build confidence that growth will come back? And how do you view the current competitive landscape, especially threat from new social commerce player? Will you make sure that you maintain your market share? And is there any color or soft guidance that you can provide us when it comes to growth?

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Pang. In terms of the drivers for our quick turnaround for Shopee, I think as we shared in the earnings and Forrest's message earlier on, that it's on all fronts. In terms of top line, we managed to increase our take rate and deepened monetization across various types of revenue, including the core marketplace revenue, which are relatively high margin, as well as other types of revenue and as our sellers invested more in the platform to grow with us. And also on the cost front and expense front, we reduced sales and marketing spend.

If you noticed, our sales and marketing for Shopee dropped more than 50% year on year, while our GMV sustained and grew around 7% on a constant currency basis year on year. So, that shows the resilience of our ecosystem and the strong leadership and execution excellence of our team in managing this fast transition over a few months' time to turn the platform into a positive bottom line while still sustain a strong leadership of the platform. At the same time, we also enjoyed savings in our R&D and G&A expenses quarter on quarter. So, on all fronts, we've been improving.

And also, it's well aligned with our previous target to turn quickly and decisively as we see macro uncertainties in our markets. And that has always been our ability to execute on what we deliver -- what we promise to the markets and to our own teams. As we shared, it has not been an easy quarter. There's a lot of hard work, and we make sacrifices.

We exited markets. We downsized operations. We walked through all these initiatives to decide which is core, which is less core, what we need to prioritize, and what we need to deprioritize. There's a lot of work condensed in a few months' time with a tremendous effort by the entire Sea team, and therefore, we managed to achieve this.

And I think this also gives us much better confidence to navigate whatever challenges that might come our way in the future. Now, in terms of outlook and balancing growth and profitability. So, as we shared also, our outlook for our markets, in the long run, remains very strong because of its demographic features, with young growing population deepening digital penetration vis-a-vis offline retail, and also the economic growth potential of our region. At the same time, we believe that all these efforts we are making in reducing the cost structure of our ecosystem and strengthening our ability to serve our users with better user experience will allow us to capture a larger share of the pie in the long run and further strengthen our market leadership, which is a dual goal in addition to profitability we have for our Asia markets.

So, there is not a shift in our view about the long-term growth potential and focus on our business to capture this opportunity. In the near term, of course, we continue to see macro uncertainty headwinds to consumptions, so we will be adjusting and fine-tuning our pace and operations carefully in a highly dynamic manner, observe our markets from period to period, and adjust accordingly. And therefore, we also shared that we may expect fluctuations in our performance and results in the near term from period to period. But on the other hand, I think we have demonstrated clearly our ability to execute both growth and profitability.

So, in the long run, we are very focused on sustainable growth and further defending and solidifying our ecosystem. Now, in terms of a competitive landscape, our view is that, in the long run, investment in the ecosystem is important, but investment is not just solely in the shape of financial investment, but more importantly, in terms of operational capabilities, deep local operational capabilities. This is still a heavy operational system that we need to build for our online retail marketplace. Therefore, there will always be competitors or other entrants into the market with different angles, different positioning, different advantages, etc.

But the beauty of e-commerce is that it requires a comprehensive set of skills and capabilities that need to be built over a relatively long period of time, especially in our markets where infrastructure is still very underdeveloped and especially in Southeast Asia, where the markets are diverse and there are individual -- many individual markets. Collectively, these are large opportunities, but you have to conquer them one by one. And every market has its own environment, its own setting, its own requirements. Therefore, we believe we are unique in the sense that we are able to achieve strong market leadership market by market across so many markets in Southeast Asia and, at the same time, quick turnaround on profitability.

And that gives us confidence that we have more resources and capability not just financially but also operationally and managerially to defend our ecosystem against any future competition. And we will remain humble and remain vigilant on competition.

Operator

Our next question comes from Alicia Yap from Citigroup. Please go ahead.

Alicia Yap -- Citi -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you. Good evening, management. Congrats on the strong results.

And also, thanks for taking my questions. I have two questions. First is I wanted to follow up on the previous questions regarding how should we balance between the growth versus the profitability. Is there any short-term margin target that management would hope to maintain for each of your business segments? For example, if there's any incremental margin improvement that you can achieve, then you would reinvest those incremental back to the business to drive faster growth because you already turned profitable on both, for example, the Shopee and the DFS.

So, I'm just wondering, is there a short-term margin target that you wanted to maintain and then any incremental that you can reinvest back to the business to drive faster growth? Second is on your digital finance services. Given you will be rolling out the digi bank initiatives soon, will that affect your EBITDA profitability trends for 2023? Thank you.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Alicia. In terms of short-term margin targets, so different business units are different. Of course, for Garena, our focus now is continuing to stabilize our user base and providing better experience to our users on the core games, at the same time, continuing to improve our profit margin. I mean, at the more than 47% EBITDA margin, we believe that we are still very high compared to the industry average, and we have shown ability to achieve very high margin for the business before, and we'll continue to be very -- watching our margin closely to improve our efficiency.

In terms of digital financial services, I think we -- still, it's very early stage. We just turned profitable in the -- for the first quarter, and we will continue to expand the overall -- you know, the service offerings to our users so that we can reach a broader user base and offer more diversified services and -- but the focus on that business is more on the quality and long-term sustainability and trust-building with our users. It's not, to us, at this stage, a speed-driven business. We believe building a solid foundation, leveraging the ecosystem advantages it has, being part of the Sea ecosystem with strong synergies with Shopee, in particular, is the most important thing at this stage.

And for Shopee, it's going to be a market-by-market dynamic assessment. All our Asia markets are currently EBITDA positive. Now, Brazil market, which is relatively new, we've seen significant profitability improvement, while we continue to see growth, a relatively stronger growth there compared to our Asia markets. So, I think it's going to be a highly dynamic process for each market.

At any period of time, we will assess the market condition, the natural user growth rate, the competitive landscape, and our operational cost structure in that market. And then we'll assess what would be a reasonable profit margin we could achieve in the market versus growth we want to achieve in the market. As I said before, it's not a -- necessarily a trade-off. If a business growth is driven only by investment in sales and marketing, it's not a good business we want to be in, to begin with.

And the fact that we're able to cut sales and marketing by more than 50% while sustaining GMV already itself is strong testament of the -- our ecosystem capability. So, it doesn't necessarily go against each other. We don't necessarily think that growth and profitability need to be a trade-off. We do think that while we -- some of the measures that we're focused on such as cost structure improvement, logistics improvement, seller management, better consumer services, and better buyer experience, all will improve the efficiency of any investment we make into our ecosystem and also improve the profitability, as well as growth.

So, a lot of it depends on, A, the natural growth, the macroenvironment, competitive landscape, and our operational stage and views at any period of time in a market-by-market assessment. We don't have a single number for Shopee as a whole, but it's going to be a lot of bottom-up and dynamic assessment and fine-tuned operations. So, that's the trick of the business. But also, I think our relative strength in operating the highly diversified markets and with different development strategies.

I think, overall, we -- you know, in the long run, of course, we believe in sustainable growth, which also means profitable growth for the business. And we still see this as our strong growth engine.

Operator

Our next question comes from Piyush Choudhary from HSBC. Please go ahead.

Piyush Choudhary -- HSBC -- Analyst

Yeah. Hi. Thanks for the opportunity and congratulations to the management on strong set of results. Two questions.

Firstly, on Shopee, can you discuss GMV growth trends, you know, quarter on quarter in local currency? You know, which markets are doing better? And any color on the outlook for '23? You know, how is customer behavior shaping with Shopee reducing promotions and shipping subsidy? I observed that your AOV has increased by around 22% in local currency terms. So, what is driving that? Secondly, can you give some insights on your capex for 2023? You know, which segments would you be investing and what kind of investments we should expect in 2023 to strengthen your ecosystem? Thank you.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Piyush. In terms of GMV growth trends, as we previously shared, that GMV remains an output for us. It's not a key KPI as we continue to focus on tightening our efficiency and profitability, as well as user experience. We think it will generally naturally come down the road.

And in terms of a different market, generally speaking, our Asia markets performed within our expectation and Q4 remained a relatively strong market in terms of the demand by our buyers and consumption patterns. However, we're aware of weakness -- continued weakness in online physical consumptions by users across various markets, and in particular, some of the markets like Malaysia, as we previously also shared before, remain relatively -- in terms of year-on-year comparison, probably particularly relatively slow. And -- but of course, previously, during COVID, some of these markets also happened to enjoy the strongest and the most spectacular growth during the COVID. So, it remains a tough comparison.

I think starting from 2023, we'll see some natural goals, hopefully. But on the other hand, this is not something that we focus on and the macro uncertainty remains, and there are too many factors affecting the underlying consumption pattern that, as a market leader, that we will face. And therefore, it's not a target that we focus on. So, our message stay the same.

GMV remains output. And we will just continue any quarter-on-quarter disclosure of operating metrics like GMV and orders, and we'll move to an annual disclosure in line with global peers. In terms of capex for 2023, most of the capex, in terms of the biggest ticket items, are servers and then followed by some of the logistics-related machinery such as sorting machines and then office and data center leases, etc. Now, as we pivot to a strong focus on efficiency, we also have been significantly reducing and tightening our capex investments.

So, you still saw some capex spending in Q4 and may continue to see in Q1 early this year. But going forward, we expect, at least in the immediate future, capex spending shouldn't be a significant part of our overall expenses. The reason that we might still have some higher numbers in Q4 and Q1 is because the earlier commitment -- as we shared in a previous quarter's earnings, some of the earlier commitments might arrive at a Q4 or Q1 timetable, and that is not entirely within our control and that might affect our financials. So, it's a timing factor.

Operator

The next question comes from Thomas Chong from Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Thomas Chong -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi. Good evening. Thanks, management, for taking my questions. I have a question on Garena.

Can you comment about the near-term trend and the full year outlook for the gaming business? Just want to look at some color about whether we have any new games that we should be anticipating for this year. And my second question is about the total headcount. Can management comment about the number of headcount in 2022 and how we should think about 2023 if we would do the hiring? Thank you.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Thomas. In terms of game pipeline, now, as you're familiar with us, we don't discuss games that have not been publicly launched. And previously, we mentioned that we have some games such as Undawn as being tested, and it might get released this year. And then also, there are always games in the pipeline we are focused on.

But also, more importantly, the key focus in the near term is still on the core games and, in particular, Free Fire, that we want to turn it to a strong evergreen franchise. Although we continue to see some weakening in user trends in comparison to the significant growth achieved during the COVID time, we do believe that there is a core defensible user base we can achieve and it is a long-lasting franchise. So, there are a lot of things the team are currently doing and focusing on with the best talent and some of the top creative people we have to deliver better user experience, more accessible game package, more efficient downloading, and also in terms of the content that is more suitable for our users and more interesting to them even despite their many years of experience of playing this game. So, we think that's still the focus in the immediate future.

At the same time, we'll continue to hone our core competency across some of the core genres that we have strong experience in and continue to observe any opportunities that might arise in the market and pick up new skills and new trends along the way. So, while game is -- from a financial perspective, we saw some weak trends immediately, we are -- from an organizational perspective as a whole team, we're very focused on game in the long run because it is the closest to the younger generation, and we already have a very strong and big platform. Free Fire, despite its recent weakening, is still one of the largest mobile games in the world. It has very large user base and highly active, spending a lot of time daily with us, and we can do a lot of things with them and engage them much better and also deliver new and more content to them down the road.

So, this is something that we are very much focused on and will not give up on. In terms of our headcount management, we had some headcount exercises, as we shared before. These are in relation to the operational changes we made such as market exits, project closures, deprioritizing of initiatives, etc. We didn't have any particular target of an X percentage to cut for a Y number of teams.

That's not how we do headcount exercises. So, I think we also believe that with the successful completion of the major changes that we undertook in the past few months, we believe, under the current environment, absent any major shifts in our external conditions, that our major changes are completed and we do not foresee major changes -- more major changes in this year and in the foreseeable future.

Operator

Our next question comes from Jiong Shao from Barclays. Please go ahead.

Jiong Shao -- Barclays -- Analyst

Thank you very much for taking my questions. I have two as well. The first is about Brazil. Will you be able to talk about the other growth year over year or quarter over quarter for Brazil? And also, you cut the product loss pretty drastically, which is great from like two bucks a year go to now less than $0.50.

Could you talk about the drivers behind that and do you have any expectation for breakeven in Brazil? My second question is about take rate. Again, my calculation shows that take rate is now above 10%. And you have made a progress in take rate every single quarter over the last few years. I was wondering, do you have a target like for continued improvement for take rate this year? Thank you very much.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Jiong. In terms of the Brazil market, we managed to make significant gain in efficiency in our operations and also partly as a result of our scaling, that there's an efficiency gain from -- naturally from scale. The drivers behind the vast reduction in order loss per order, similar to our other Asia markets, coming from both top-line growth, as well as cost improvements, in particular, logistics costs, that we are very focused operationally on reducing for our users so that we can serve more under-addressed segments profitably and sustainably down the road. This will be our focus in the near term.

And while we don't give any projection or guidance on break-even time, we also do think our market in Brazil can also grow profitably over the long run, will be another significant opportunity that we should be able to capture. And another thing is, as we shared before, the reason we're very focused on cost structure, in particular, logistics is because we are trying to expand the profitable TAM for the market as a whole by addressing sellers and buyers who are underserved or unaddressed by existing players. And having a better structure, having more targeted focus on the mass market allow us to be a differentiated player in the market, capturing a significant share of the pie, in our view. Now, in terms of the take rate, so we do believe that there's still room for expansion on the take rate.

And just like our view about every market, we'll do it in a measured paced way and with strong communications to our sellers. And as our platform grows and as we -- as sellers grow with us and invest more on our platform while, at same time, growing their business, the overall take rate in the Brazil market, as you probably know, obviously materially higher than many other markets. And there are, of course, more services being provided to the Brazilian sellers and buyers in view of some of the infrastructural differences in the market. Therefore, we believe this is a strong market, and we do focus on growing the market.

Operator

The next question comes from Varun Ahuja from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.

Varun Ahuja -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Yeah. Hi. Thank you for the opportunity and congrats on turning profitable. I've got a few questions.

First on the gaming side. If you look at your revenues right now, adjusted for the bookings, it's just 6% above pre-pandemic level. And if you look at the user base, it's around 20%. So, how should we think like most of the benefits from the pandemic seems to have waned done by the fourth quarter? Do you see more stabilization now on the gaming side or do you think there is still more headwind in front of that? Second, sticking to the gaming side, if you can give some color on the team strength on the R&D side.

How many people are there on R&D side split between new game development and versus on Free Fire? And thirdly, again on the gaming, any update on the Right of First Refusal that you have with Tencent coming in this year? And lastly, on e-commerce, if you give some color qualitative or some numbers on HQ cost quarter on quarter because you have been historically giving some commentary on the HQ cost for the e-commerce, while this quarter, there's been much commentary. So, just want to see how this -- that cost has trended during this quarter. Thank you.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Varun. In terms of gaming, I think it's still too early to tell the trends. Obviously, COVID is such an unprecedented event. Nobody had any data on it.

And also, reopening together with inflation, that had double headwinds on people's discretionary consumption power, also it's further compounding the effects that we are seeing. And therefore, it's premature for us to predict where the game trend is going to land. But we have seen, you know, mobile games with long shelf life, have seen also revivals and when they have the right content released at the right time and well received by users. So, that can be achieved, of course, with a lot of creativity and effort.

And that's what we are focused on. We won't be able to give guidance on the -- any short time -- short-term trends at this point yet. In terms of our R&D and relationship with Tencent, our R&D, while, at the same time, we have been focusing on concentrating our resources, as shared earlier, and divesting projects and deprioritizing non -- less promising initiatives. At the same time, we are moving people toward more focus on the core projects and more promising ones down the road.

Therefore, there are shifts in the staffing. But overall, we maintain a very strong R&D team. In terms of relationship with Tencent, also, there has not been any change in the relationship. On the HQ cost trends, it also trended downwards, it -- in terms of the efficiency gain we had in managing HQ costs.

So, there is a Q-on-Q improvements on that as well.

Operator

The next question comes from Ranjan Sharma from J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.

Ranjan Sharma -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Hi, good evening and thank you for the presentation. Two questions from my side. Firstly, on the cost sides and adjusted EBITDA, have there been any severance costs accounted for in this period? And with the cost optimization initiatives that you have done, how should we think of R&D and G&A costs in 2023 versus 2022? Secondly, on the fintech side, the loan book is down from third quarter to fourth quarter. Considering your comments around macro headwinds and -- which clouds outlook, how should we think of the loan book growth going forward? Thank you.

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Thank you, Rajan. Now, in terms of severance, the impact has not been very significant, and I think it's comparable to the previous quarter, and we don't deem it to be material. So, there was no separate disclosure. We don't think it will also have any material impact on our 2023 financials.

In terms of R&D and G&A costs in this year, we continue to focus on efficiency improvements and tightening and also make sure that our costs are efficient relative to the size of our platform and our businesses. In terms of the loan book growth, as we shared -- as I mentioned before, for the credit business and, by extension, SeaMoney business as a whole, we don't expect to be, at least at this stage, that we're not going to invest significantly to drive rapid growth and land grabbing. We are more focused on building a solid business with strong underwriting and a strong user base, serve them well, and also diversify our offerings and also diversify our funding sources over time to build a sustainable, long-term -- sustainable business with long-term growth. So, that's something that, given the current macro uncertainty and the synergistic play with Shopee, we do not think that, you know, growth is a KPI for our team in terms of the loan book, more -- our KPI is more in terms of quality of the loan book and the profitability of the business.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Minju Song for any closing remarks.

Minju Song -- Senior Manager, Group CCO Office

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for joining today's call. We very much look forward to speaking to all of you again next quarter. Thank you.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Minju Song -- Senior Manager, Group CCO Office

Forrest Li -- Chairman, Group Chief Executive Officer

Tony Hou -- Group Chief Financial Officer

Pang Vittayaamnuaykoon -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Yanjun Wang -- Group Chief Corporate Officer

Alicia Yap -- Citi -- Analyst

Piyush Choudhary -- HSBC -- Analyst

Thomas Chong -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Jiong Shao -- Barclays -- Analyst

Varun Ahuja -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Ranjan Sharma -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

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