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DATE
Monday, May 19, 2025 at 10:30 a.m. ET
CALL PARTICIPANTS
Executive Chairman — George Youroukos
Chief Executive Officer — Thomas A. Lister
Chief Financial Officer — Tassos Psaropoulos
SUMMARY
Global Ship Lease, Inc. (GSL 5.06%) reported $352 million in new contracted revenues this quarter, raising contracted revenue coverage to 93% for 2025 and 75% for 2026. The company achieved further deleveraging, with its net debt to EBITDA ratio now below one, and extended its average debt maturity to 5.1 years while maintaining a weighted average cost of debt below 4%. Dividend distributions increased to $2.10 per share annualized, representing a 40% rise year-over-year. Management described the macro and geopolitical backdrop as "extraordinarily volatile," and highlighted their strategy of maximizing balance sheet flexibility and liquidity. The company noted that current fleet deployment avoids direct exposure to proposed USTR-related US port fees, as only four of its Chinese-built vessels exceed 4,000 TEU and none are active on China-US trades.
Management stated that their focus on midsize and smaller ships provides operational flexibility valued by shipping lines facing rerouted trade flows and tighter supply chains.
Executive chairman Youroukos referred to opportunistic sales of aging vessels, done at "cyclically attractive prices," to generate cash for potential investments or acquisitions.
CEO Lister said, "Charter rates have tended to remain high albeit in the absence of much activity, while freight rates came under pressure during the course of April."
The company indicated that recent increases in tariffs have "triggered severe disruptions to supply chains," but observed early evidence of increased demand for midsized vessels serving Southeast Asian trades.
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TAKEAWAYS
New Contracted Revenues: $352 million in contracted revenues were added in the first quarter, bringing total contracted revenue to nearly $1.9 billion as of March 31, 2025 with an average contract duration of 2.3 years at that date.
Contract Coverage: Cover now stands at 93% for 2025 while contract cover for 2026 is at 75%, providing insulation against external volatility.
Dividend Increase: The annualized dividend was raised to $2.10 per share starting in Q1 2025, starting this quarter.
Deleveraging: Net debt to EBITDA is now under 1 as of Q1 2025, down from 8.4x at the end of February 2018, signaling substantial financial strengthening.
Gross Debt: Gross debt rose to just under $778 million as of Q1 2025 with additional financing for recent vessel acquisitions.
Debt Cost and Maturity: Weighted average cost of debt is 3.99% with average debt maturity extended to 5.1 years as of Q1 2025 following an $85 million refinancing.
Cash Position: Cash on hand was $428 million as of March 31, 2025, with $95 million restricted as of March 31 and $73 million of that as advance charter hire at that date, supporting liquidity and dry powder.
Interest Rate Exposure: Interest rate caps as of Q1 2025 cover over 80% of floating-rate debt, hedged at 64 basis points through February 2026.
Asset Sale Strategy: Several older vessels, approximately 25 years old, were sold at above-charter values to build cash for future investments.
Fleet Profile and Market Dynamics: The order book for ships under 10,000 TEU is 11.5%, spread over approximately three years, while potential scrapping of vessels could lead to a 6.5% contraction in peer segment capacity by February 2028 if older ships exit the fleet.
Red Sea Disruption: Previously, 20% of global containerized volume was routed through the Red Sea (prior to the Red Sea disruption), but rerouting continues due to unresolved safety concerns, raising both voyage lengths and demand for available tonnage.
Tariff Impact: In April 2025, tariffs on China-US trade reached 45% and 25%, respectively, but currently stand at 30% and 10% (as of May 19, 2025), with a view to longer-term framework negotiations.
USTR Port Fees: USTR-related port fees are expected to exclude vessels of 4,000 TEU or smaller, limiting GSL's direct exposure given fleet composition.
Charter Market Availability: There is "essentially zero idle capacity" among midsize and smaller container vessels, and both charter rates and demand remain elevated.
Breakeven Rate: Average fleet breakeven is approximately $9,300 per vessel per day as of Q1 2025, which is below current charter market levels.
INDUSTRY GLOSSARY
USTR: Proposed US port fees on Chinese-built and/or Chinese-operated vessels, subject to ongoing regulatory review and not finalized as of the call.
TEU (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit): Standard shipping industry unit referring to the capacity of a container ship or terminal, based on a standard 20-foot long container.
Full Conference Call Transcript
Thomas A. Lister: Hello, everyone, and welcome to the Global Ship Lease, Inc. First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. You can find the slides that accompany today's presentation on our website at www.globalshiplease.com. As usual, slides two and three remind you that today's call may include forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations and assumptions and are, by their nature, inherently uncertain and outside of the company's control. Actual results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements due to many factors, including those described in the safe harbor section of the slide presentation.
We would also like to direct your attention to the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on our 2024 Form 20-F, which was filed in March 2025. You can find the form on our website or on the SEC's website. All of our statements are qualified by these and other disclosures in our reports filed with the SEC. We do not undertake any duty to update forward-looking statements. The reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to which we will refer during this call to the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP usually refer to the earnings release that we issued this morning, which is also available on our website.
I am joined as usual today by our executive chairman, George Youroukos, and by our chief financial officer, Tassos Psaropoulos. George will begin the call with high-level commentary on Global Ship Lease, Inc. and our industry, and then Tassos and I will take you through our recent activity, quarterly results, financials, and the current market environment. After that, we will be very pleased to answer your questions. So turning now to slide four, I'll pass the call over to George.
George Youroukos: Thank you, Tom, and good morning, afternoon, or evening to all of you joining us today. In the face of unprecedented levels of macro uncertainty, the container ship charter market has remained exceptionally tight through the opening months of 2025. Even as the headline freight rates and by our liner customers continue to normalize, the fundamental need for midsized and smaller container ships has remained very strong, with essentially zero idle capacity in a global system. Against that backdrop, we added a further $352 million of contracted revenues in the first quarter, bringing our 2025 contract cover to 93% and 2026 cover to 75%, which provides good insulation against uncertainty.
More recently, tariffs and other proposed non-tariff barriers to trade have further complicated the macroeconomic picture. Tom will discuss this more later, but the situation remains very fluid, and it is too early to speculate on longer-term ramifications. Although, we are encouraged by the recent apparent de-escalation in trade tensions and rhetoric. In any case, from what we have seen so far, it seems likely that the impact of tariffs and other trade barriers will be uneven across different segments of the industry.
For example, we're beginning to see early data that container flows displaced from China-US routes and some cases leading to notable increases in volumes in smaller trades that more heavily utilize midsized and smaller ships of the kind that Global Ship Lease, Inc. owns. Now in addition to chartering, we have opportunistically monetized some of our older ships by selling them at cyclically attractive prices to bolster our dry powder for investment and fleet renewal. We have proven our patience and discipline over many years, but we must also ensure that we are in a position to act quickly when the time and conditions are right. In complex and fast-moving times, optionality is key.
Meanwhile, our balance sheet remains in excellent condition, and we have increased our return of capital to shareholders by growing our annualized dividend to $2.1 per share, starting this quarter, and up 40% on this time last year. In sum, by strengthening our balance sheet and locking in extensive contract cover, we have built Global Ship Lease, Inc. to maximize optionality, both to take advantage of the natural cyclicality of our industry and also to ensure that we can remain strong for the long term in any market conditions.
Both as a company and as an investment proposition, Global Ship Lease, Inc. has enjoyed a very strong multiyear run, and we look forward to sustaining and building on that momentum in the years ahead. With that, I will turn the call back to Tom.
Thomas A. Lister: Thank you, George. Please turn to Slide five, where you will see the diversification of our charter portfolio. As of March 31, we have nearly $1.9 billion in contracted revenues and 2.3 years of average remaining contract cover. Including extension options that have been declared, we added 19 charters for approximately $352 million of contracted revenues in the first quarter. On slide six, we discuss our dynamic capital allocation policy, which will be familiar to many of you, but which is critically important in a cyclical industry such as ours. As George mentioned, we are returning substantial capital to shareholders. We have significantly delevered our balance sheet, and we have maintained a disciplined, selective approach to fleet renewal.
At the same time, we have sought to maximize optionality while ensuring that our CapEx obligations and various downside risks are well covered in any market context. In short, our strategy and business model is for Global Ship Lease, Inc. to provide investors with a stable and liquid platform, through which to participate in the opportunities, cyclical upside, and positive volatility of the industry while mitigating exposure to downside risk. In other words, taking the white-knuckle part out of the shipping roller coaster ride while keeping the fun bits. Slide seven illustrates our discipline in acquisitions.
The notes on the chart show where we have bought vessels since our transformative merger in February 2018, and it is clear that our preference is to buy during periods of relatively low asset prices. Or when we construct the equivalent as with our vessels purchased in late 2024 with below-market charters attached facilitating that acquisition at a 30% below market charter free value while preserving their upside potential post charter. Notably, we refrain from buying any ships during the super peak asset price period shown in orange on the chart. A period during which markets were exuberant, with asset prices at levels we saw as providing little upside potential.
With that, I'll pass the call to Tassos to discuss our financials. Tassos.
Tassos Psaropoulos: Thank you, Tom. Slide eight shows our first quarter financial highlights. I would like to emphasize a few points. Earnings and cash flow are all up versus February, which was already a strong quarter. With the financing of our recently acquired vessels, our gross debt has increased to a little under $778 million. And with the debt for those three purchases, we have made use of all remaining headroom under a 64 basis point show free interest rate caps which run through February 2026 and as of March 31, covered a little over 80% of our floating rate debt. Our cash position is $428 million. $95 million is restricted, of which $73 million is advanced of charter hire.
The remainder ensures that we can fully cover our covenants, working capital needs, and dividends while also providing dry powder to move quickly on the right opportunities. Slide nine provides a closer look at our efforts to build both resilience and equity value by deleveraging. The graph on the left shows our progress in reducing our outstanding debt while the right shows that same deleveraging from a net debt to EBITDA perspective. As you can see, although we increased our gross debt through our recent seed purchases, we have continued to see our net debt to EBITDA, our financial leverage, in other words, reduce now under one as of the end of the first quarter.
To underscore that point, that figure was 8.4 times at the end of February 2018. More progress on this front can be seen on Slide 10. On the left, we have our cost of debt, which we have successfully lowered to a blended cost of 3.99%. We have reduced this cost of debt significantly over the years, even as ten-year US treasuries have risen quite a lot. The right graph shows our breakeven rates and tells a closely related story. That is because we have sharply reduced our interest expenses, we have been able to absorb rising operating expenses and keep overall breakevens flat over several years when the prevailing global narrative was one of high inflation.
We are proud of this result, which puts us in a position of strength at a time of macro volatility and unpredictability. I will now turn it back over to Tom to discuss our market focus and ship deployment.
Thomas A. Lister: Thanks, Tassos. Slide 11 restates our focus on midsized and smaller container ships, between 1,200 and 10,000 TEU roughly, which make up the backbone of global trade, are super flexible operationally, and are not dependent upon any one trade or country. This stands in contrast to the very large container ships which, because of their size, physical restrictions in many ports, and the need for sophisticated port infrastructure tend to be limited to the big mainland trades such as those between China and the US or Northern Europe.
We consistently reiterate this aspect of our business because we believe that it's important for investors to understand and I will, in a moment, speak to why it is especially valuable in the current environment. The impact of one significant and ongoing market dynamic is shown on slide 12. Before the disruption in the Red Sea, 20% of all global containerized volumes passed through it, representing 34% of containership fleet capacity. These vessels have since been forced to transit around the Cape Of Good Hope, lengthening voyages and thereby limiting effective vessel supply considerably.
Various initiatives have emerged over time to try to restore navigation through the region, notably including an apparent recent ceasefire agreement between the US and the Houthis. Recent commentary, however, from certain of the major liner companies has captured well the dilemma faced in considering a return to that routing. And why it is not necessarily a given in the near future. First and foremost, the safety of seafarers, not to mention the vessels and the cargoes, cannot be taken lightly.
Secondly, with rerouting having settled into stable new norms after a protracted period of reshuffling, a run to a return to Red Sea and Suez transits would represent a major undertaking for the liner companies, involving network disruption, complexity, and significant costs. So taken together, the threshold for a large-scale return to Suez transits is quite high, especially for liner companies operating complex service networks. Consequently, the sector wants to first regain comfort and high conviction that transits can be completed safely on a consistent and I emphasize, consistent basis for the long term.
On slide 13, we provide some data to help frame a couple of the hot topics of the day, namely US-China tariffs and the proposed US port fees on Chinese built and operated ships, the latter of which is typically referred to as USTR. Tariffs first. So big picture. US imports represent a meaningful slice of global containerized trade, although perhaps less than some might imagine at 13%. That's 13%, a significant portion of which almost 40%, comes from China. A smaller but still non-negligible volume of containerized trade goes back the other way.
During April, tariffs on this bilateral trade climbed as high as 45% and 25%, respectively, triggering severe disruptions to supply chains, which are still rippling through the system. Fortunately, the situation appears to be de-escalating, with tariffs now set at least for the time being, at 30% and 10%, while the US and China work on establishing a longer-term framework. Turning to USTR, the US is looking to impose fees both on Chinese built and on Chinese operated ships. The implications will be wide-ranging, as ships built in China currently account for 28% of the global containership fleet on the water, and 71% of the order book. So almost everyone has or will have such ships in their fleet.
Having said that, USTR is not yet in its final form, and has already passed through various iterations and reviews each of which has tempered the terms. And a further review is in fact scheduled to take place today. As things currently stand, it seems that ships of 4,000 TEU or smaller will not be impacted by USTR. Turning to Global Ship Lease, Inc. specifically. Our fleet at the end of the first quarter included 10 Chinese built ships, of which only four are larger than 4,000 TEU, of which none are currently deployed on China-US trades.
And in fact, it's quite typical for midsized and smaller ships such as ours to be deployed outside of the mainlane trades both because of their flexibility and also because the majority of global trade does indeed happen outside of these main lanes. That deployment flexibility for our ships is something that has always been valued and, hopefully, this helps make clear why. On slide 14, we look to US-China trade tensions in 2019 as an illustrative example of how second and third order effects can, counterintuitively, be positive for tonnage providers like Global Ship Lease, Inc.
In 2019, as tariffs between the US and China ratcheted up, larger container ships did indeed see decreased demand as US-China trade flows reduced. However, US consumer demand didn't go away, and so replacement goods were sought from elsewhere in a form of cost and tariff arbitrage. The net result broadly the same volume of goods continued to flow into the US, but the supply chain moved away from the simplicity and concentration of the previous China focus and fragmented into a more complex and dispersed form with cargo flowing both via and from Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. As you can imagine, supply chain concentration and simplicity plays to the strengths of really big ships.
On the flip side, however, supply chain complexity and dispersion amped up by heightened uncertainty, requires the operational flexibility of midsize and smaller ships like ours. We're waiting for more hard data as things are moving and changing so fast, but anecdotal evidence suggests that a similar phenomenon is establishing itself now in 2025 with volumes displaced from US-China being instead picked up from Southeast Asian locations. So it's obviously very early in the game. The rules are in flux, and we don't have a crystal ball. However, what we can say with some confidence is that one, the impact of tariffs is rarely captured in a single snapshot of first order effects.
Two, different size segments of the containership fleet are likely to experience tariffs quite differently, and three, in a highly uncertain environment, everyone is looking for optionality. And for the shipping lines, that optionality is capacity, often in the form of operationally flexible midsize, and smaller container ships. Next, slide 15 provides a barometer of supply side dynamics. Both idle capacity and scrapping activity are negligible, as the strong charter market has kept older vessels on the water making lots of money. However, if demand were to drop, scrapping could pick up quickly and at scale. Turning to slide 16, which shows the order book. The overall order book has indeed grown in recent years, but, again, nuance is important.
As the 54.3% order book for ships over 10,000 TEU is in sharp contrast to the 11.5% order book for our focus segments under 10,000 TEU, which is itself spread out over approximately three years of deliveries. You also need to consider the age of the fleet into which the order book is delivering. If you were to assume the scrapping out of all ships of 25 years or older, and will then to net that capacity out against the order book, our peer group would actually contract shrink by 6.5% through February 2028.
So the sub 10,000 TEU fleet segment which has a median age of 17 years, has the double benefit of being both comparatively old and having limited replacement capacity in the pipeline. Furthermore, age is comparative rather than absolute in container ships. Does it matter if you have old ships if the ships against which they are competing are also primarily old? We would argue that it does not. What does matter, however, is how well specified those ships are in relation to their peer group. And that's where we are well placed. Long story short, scrapping represents a safety valve.
How many ships are ultimately scrapped out remains to be seen, but it's important to remember that medium-term fleet growth of any amount in our segments is far from a certainty. And in fact, it only becomes a likely scenario if the overall market remains highly profitable. So not something we lose too much sleep over. Slide 17 takes a closer look at the charter market. After a period of post-peak normalization, you can see that rates over the last several quarters have been quite strong.
And to make this a step further, in clarifying the implications for Global Ship Lease, Inc., I would point out that our fleet breakeven rate is approximately $9,300 per vessel per day, above which the operating leverage of our business really amplifies value. And we have $1.9 billion of contract cover over the next 2.3 years on average, so we feel quite good about that too. So we're not complacent, and we'll continue to lock in as much as we can at attractive rates. So on that high note, I'll turn the call back to George to conclude our prepared remarks.
George Youroukos: Thank you, Tom. To summarize, our cash flows are strong, and continue to grow, as does forward contract cover. The macro and geopolitical environment is extraordinarily volatile and uncertain. Without knowing what is to come at the macro level, we're focusing on those things that are under our control. Namely making ourselves financially resilient and maximizing our optionality to both manage risk and capitalize on opportunities. Our balance sheet is robust with a recent $85 million refinance pushing our average maturity out to 5.1 years and maintaining a weighted cost of debt below 4%. Substantial delevering has been achieved and is still underway. Breakeven rates are just over $9,300 per day, per vessel, significantly lower than current market charter rates.
And our strong corporate credit rating reflects the strength of our balance sheet. On a selective opportunistic basis, we have monetized older ships at cyclically attractive prices in order to build dry powder. We are pleased to continue to increase our return of capital to shareholders by raising our dividend yet again, bringing it to $2.1 per common share annualized. And finally, we have positioned ourselves well to pursue opportunities as they arise. And we believe there will be opportunities to renew our fleet as certain of our cash cows age out.
Now looking ahead, Global Ship Lease, Inc. is in a great position to keep generating long-term value for our shareholders and maximizing optionality to capture value at each stage of the cycle. Now we're ready to take your questions.
Operator: Thank you, gentlemen. At this time, I would like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. We will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Liam Burke of B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead.
Liam Burke: Thank you. Hi, George, Tom, Tassos.
Thomas A. Lister: Hi, Liam. Hello.
Liam Burke: You've mentioned the rate environment has been very strong going against what, you know, freight rates are. Is there any interest on your charter customers to extend existing charters at better rates? Or are you just seeing a very good environment as charters roll over?
Thomas A. Lister: Hi, Liam. I'll try to answer that. It depends which charters are rolling off. So, obviously, we fixed some charters during the super cyclical high of COVID that are still at extraordinarily high levels. So if they were to be refixed into the current market environment, it would be probably a notch down in some instances. On the flip side, we're seeing appetite to fix at still very, very attractive rates. And I think we provided in the presentation on slide, let me find it, I think slide 17, a snapshot of where we see rates by vessel size today, and they're still pretty robust.
So, there will be some ups and downs but by and large, the charter opportunities that we're seeing are very attractive ones.
Liam Burke: Great. And you did opportunistically sell assets to, as you said, build dry powder. Is there anything on the acquisition front or just asset prices not reasonable right now?
Thomas A. Lister: Sorry. Go ahead, George. Sorry.
George Youroukos: We are, as always, looking at many deals at each given time. But we keep our criteria very strong. They are, let's say, very strict. So we don't do acquisitions for the sake of growth. We only do it if it makes a lot of sense financially. So, yes, we have seen deals, but we don't have something specific in mind. The reason we sold some ships was that they were 25 years of age, more or less. And we found some prices that were more lucrative than chartering them. Because we always look at all the options when we come to a charter.
And that's why we made this decision, and we keep the cash for further acquisitions and investments.
Liam Burke: Great. Thank you, George. Thank you, Tom.
Thomas A. Lister: Pleasure, Liam.
Operator: Again, just a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, press star one on your telephone keypad. Our next question comes from the line of Omar Nokta of Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Omar Nokta: Thank you. Hi, guys. Good afternoon. Thanks for the always, as usual, detailed update.
Thomas A. Lister: Our pleasure. Thanks for joining, Omar.
Omar Nokta: Of course. Yeah. So I just wanted to ask, and I know this is probably very, very short term, but just wanted to ask how you could maybe characterize the charter markets over the past week or so. Again, I know it's short term, but you know, we've seen, you know, you especially, you've added a good amount of backlog definitely during the first quarter. Things maybe seem to have gotten a bit quieter in April as everybody kind of froze, tried to assess everything. Clearly, now we've seen a surge in spot freight rates over the past week following the China-US deal. How has that played out in the term charter market?
Have you noticed any kind of shift or pivot in liners' kind of appetite maybe how it if you can give some kind of context as how maybe it reacted to everything in April, and then perhaps what's happened here over the past week, if anything.
Thomas A. Lister: Sure. I would say how you've characterized the sort of the change in sentiments, momentum in the freight market. We've seen a similar thing in the charter market, Omar. So, you know, as we've published during Q1, the appetite was there. Strong. And then come Liberation Day on, I think it was April 2, there was a bit of an air pocket in the charter market where people thought well, they wanted to wait and see a little bit to see how things were going to play out. So I would say that momentum came off a little bit during the course of April.
And then certainly over the course of the last week or so, we have seen interest and appetite pick up again. So sentiment has followed a very similar trajectory in both the freight and charter markets. But having said that, because there's still very little availability of tonnage in the charter markets, charter rates have tended to remain high albeit in the absence of much activity, while freight rates came under pressure during the course of April.
Omar Nokta: Okay. Thank you. And maybe just one, perhaps just a bit more Global Ship Lease, Inc. focused kind of a follow-up to Liam's question. Cash is now rising nicely. If you talked about leverage having come down. You've got the dividend and buyback, which have really been put to work. The deal landscape is what it is. Right? There's opportunities as they come and go. But, clearly, there's dry powder that you have, and it's building. The cash is gonna start to come on. What do you think about the cash position you want to have at Global Ship Lease, Inc.?
And as did you intend to just watch the cash balance pick up if there's no deals, or is it get put towards repaying debt? And keeping maybe a lower level of cash than what you have now?
Thomas A. Lister: Well, I would say that, I'll take those questions not necessarily in order, Omar. So, as far as delevering is concerned, as Tassos said in his prepared remarks, we've actually continued to delever following the amortization requirements under each of the debt facilities that we have. We're now at a financial leverage ratio of under one times, one x. So we think that's a very, very good place to be.
But more broadly speaking, in a time of maximum uncertainty, which is certainly where we seem to be at the moment, we feel that maximal optionality is super valuable, and that's, you know, both in terms of the flexibility of our assets themselves, which can be moved around by the liner companies but it's also about the resilience of our balance sheet. And within that, holding a very robust cash position so that we can both manage risks as they present themselves, and equally importantly, be very quick to bounce on opportunities as they arise.
Omar Nokta: Understood. Well, thank you, Tom. Thanks, everyone. I'll pass it over.
Thomas A. Lister: Thanks very much, Omar.
Operator: That's all for our Q&A session, and we appreciate your participation. I will now turn the call over to Thomas A. Lister, CEO of Global Ship Lease, Inc., for the closing remarks. Please go ahead.
Thomas A. Lister: Thank you, everyone, for joining today. And we very much look forward to talking to you again, around our 2Q earnings in August. Speak to you then, we hope. Thank you very much.
Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.