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DATE

Wednesday, April 29, 2026 at 4:25 p.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

  • Chief Executive Officer — Mike Slessor
  • Chief Financial Officer — Aric McKinnis
  • Vice President, Investor Relations — Stan Finkelstein

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TAKEAWAYS

  • Revenue -- $226.1 million for the quarter, exceeding the midpoint of $220 million to $230 million guidance, reflecting continued sequential growth.
  • Non-GAAP Gross Margin -- 49%, a 510 basis point increase sequentially from 43.9%, and 250 basis points above the guidance high end, driven by probe cards and operational improvements.
  • Probe Cards Segment Non-GAAP Gross Margin -- 50.5%, up 603 basis points sequentially, highlighting segment-specific margin expansion.
  • Systems Segment Non-GAAP Gross Margin -- 38%, down 350 basis points sequentially due to seasonal demand reduction and Triton system transition.
  • GAAP Gross Margin -- 38.4%, representing a decrease of 380 basis points from 42.2% in the prior quarter, due mainly to restructuring charges.
  • GAAP Net Income -- $20.4 million, or $0.26 per fully diluted share, down from $23.2 million, or $0.29 per share, in the prior quarter, primarily due to $17.6 million in restructuring costs after tax.
  • Non-GAAP Net Income -- $44.5 million, or $0.56 per share, up from $36.6 million, or $0.46 per share, in the prior quarter, reflecting operational effectiveness.
  • Operating Expenses -- $70.1 million on a GAAP basis, including $7.1 million in Farmers Branch preproduction costs, with operating discipline resulting in a 470 basis point decrease as a percentage of revenue year over year.
  • Free Cash Flow -- $30.7 million, down $4 million quarter over quarter, due to higher capex and working capital requirements.
  • Cash and Investments -- $303 million at quarter end, up $28.1 million sequentially.
  • Segment Performance -- DRAM probe cards achieved record revenue driven by HBM demand; foundry/logic probe card revenue increased significantly, with CPU and networking applications as primary growth drivers.
  • Tariffs Impact -- Section 122 tariffs produced a 200 basis point margin benefit; EPA-based tariffs paid since 2025 may be refundable ($9 million to $11 million), but no recovery recorded yet.
  • Farmers Branch Expansion -- On track, with $140 million to $170 million expected in 2026 capex, and $24 million in cash grants awarded for capital expenditures.
  • Share Repurchase Authorization -- $70.9 million remains under the $75 million two-year buyback program, with no shares repurchased during the quarter.
  • Q2 Guidance -- Anticipates revenue of $240 million (+/- $5 million), non-GAAP gross margin of 49.5% (+/- 150 basis points), operating expenses of $65 million (+/- $2 million), and non-GAAP EPS of $0.61 (+/- $0.04).
  • Customer Concentration -- Two customers reached the 10% revenue threshold, with a new high-performance compute leader entering this category due to networking probe card growth.
  • HBM Probe Card Share -- Second customer ramping adoption of Smart Matrix technology, contributing to another record DRAM probe card quarter.
  • Triton System Ramp -- 2026 co-packaged optics (CPO) revenue now expected at the high end of the $10 million to $20 million range, driven by insertion one demand and collaboration with Advantest and Tokyo Electron.

SUMMARY

FormFactor (FORM +1.01%) reported a record-setting sequential revenue increase, accompanied by substantial non-GAAP margin expansion fueled by continued operational discipline. Management highlighted long-term growth drivers in high bandwidth memory and networking, supported by new and deepening customer relationships including a major high-performance compute leader crossing the 10% revenue threshold for the first time. Forecasts for the upcoming quarter include higher revenue, durable gross margin improvement initiatives, and further market share gains in both DRAM and logic/foundry segments, all underpinned by the ongoing Farmers Branch capacity expansion and continued customer diversification.

  • CEO Slessor stated, "FormFactor's first quarter revenue grew sequentially to another all-time record," underscoring momentum since the second half of the prior year.
  • Non-GAAP gross margin improvements stemmed largely from durable operational changes, with approximately 100 basis points attributed to timing items and 100 basis points to durable tariff relief.
  • Expanding engagement in co-packaged optics, particularly the Triton platform, is contributing to a faster-than-anticipated ramp, positioning 2026 revenues at the top end of earlier guidance.
  • Management confirmed that while ASPs contributed little to margin gains, "pricing really is not a driver of the gross margin improvement," with most progress attributed to reduced cost of goods sold and manufacturing yields.
  • The company expects the impact from capacity expansion at Farmers Branch to begin by year-end, enabling further revenue scaling in 2027.
  • Section 122 tariffs yielded a 100 basis point gross margin benefit; however, management continues to treat previous EPA-based tariff payments as non-recoverable for now.
  • The DRAM customer environment remains supply constrained, resulting in flexible wafer start mix and dynamic probe card demand between HBM and DDR applications.
  • FormFactor plans to unveil its next financial target model and associated strategic priorities at its upcoming Investor Day on May 11.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

  • HBM (High Bandwidth Memory): A type of stacked dynamic random access memory used in high-performance computing applications, requiring specialized probe card testing.
  • Smart Matrix: FormFactor’s proprietary full wafer contactor technology, enabling high-parallelism, at-speed testing of advanced memory designs such as HBM4.
  • Triton System: Co-packaged optics (CPO) production test platform, codeveloped with Advantest and Tokyo Electron, focused initially on “insertion one” for photonic integrated circuit wafer verification.
  • CPO (Co-Packaged Optics): Integration of optical and electronic components in the same packaging, demanding new test methodologies and optical probe technologies.
  • Insertion One: The initial optical probing/test step on a photonic integrated circuit wafer prior to electrical die stacking in CPO manufacturing.
  • Section 122 Tariffs: U.S. trade tariffs applied to certain imported goods, referenced as a replacement for earlier EPA-based tariffs.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Mike Slessor; and Chief Financial Officer, Aric McKinnis. Before we begin, Stan Finkelstein, the company's Vice President of Investor Relations, will remind you of some important information.

Stan Finkelstein: Thank you. Today's a company will be discussing GAAP P&L results and some important non-GAAP results intended to supplement your understanding of the company's financials. Reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP measures and other financial information are available in the press release issued today by the company and on the Investor Relations section of our website. Today's discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws.

Examples of such forward-looking statements include us with respect to the projections of financial and business performance, future macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions; the benefits of acquisitions and subsequent integration, anticipated time line for and benefits from Farmers Branch, anticipated industry trends and volatility the impacts of regulatory changes, including tariffs, the anticipated volatility in demand for our products, our abilities to develop, produce and sell products and meet ongoing demand. Advancements of artificial intelligence impact on industry and demand and the assumptions upon which such statements are based. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed during this call.

Information on risk factors and uncertainties is contained in our most recent filings on Form 10-K with the SEC for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025, and in our other SEC filings, which are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Forward-looking statements are made as of today, April 29, 2026, and we assume no obligation to update them. With that, we will turn now the call over to FormFactor's CEO, Mike Slessor.

Mike Slessor: Thanks for joining us today. FormFactor's first quarter revenue grew sequentially to another all-time record. The gross margin and earnings per share significantly above the high end of our outlook range. In the current second quarter, we got to again set a revenue record and delivered sequential increases in both gross margin and earnings per share, extending the momentum that began in the second half of last year. These outstanding results exceed our target model on a quarterly run rate basis, and our current quarter outlook is expected to cap a string of results that validate the model on an annualized basis. .

We're proud to have delivered on this commitment and at our upcoming Investor Day at the NASDAQ market site on May 11, members of FormFactor's executive leadership team will introduce our next target model. Along with the strategic priorities, long-term growth opportunities and operational initiatives that underpin it. We're also encouraged by how these financial results were achieved. We continue to benefit from our leadership position at the intersection of high-performance compute and advanced packaging, 2 powerful trends transforming the semiconductor industry. Our growth is fueled both by strength in familiar areas like probe cards for high bandwidth memory and accelerating contributions from newer foundry and logic opportunities like networking.

The first quarter growth in probe cards for networking applications caused a leader in high-performance compute to become a 10% customer for the first time, and we're continuing to build our relationship with this leading customer in not only networking, but also probe cards for GPUs and systems for co-package optics. Operationally, these results represent a significant improvement from the execution challenges that previously limited our performance. While the pace of profitability improvement will moderate as we approach the limitations of our current footprint, later this year, we expect our Farmers branch site to come online, providing increased capacity with structurally lower costs will in turn create the foundation for future revenue growth and gross margin expansion.

Aric will discuss our current operational performance and future plans later in the call. Turning now to segment and market level details. In DRAM probe cards, we delivered the expected sequential growth from the fourth quarter to reach another record with increased demand in HBM applications paired with sustained demand in DDR applications. As you've heard recently from our major DRAM customers, the environment continues to be supply constrained in DRAM overall. -- and we expect our customers to dynamically shift their wafer start mix between a variety of HBM and DDR designs to maximize their opportunity.

Since probe cuts specific to each customer chip design, we expect our DRAM mix to correspondingly shift between HBM and DDR of these unusual end market condition resist. We're again forecasting record revenue in DRAM probe cards in the current quarter, driven by another step-up in HBM demand. Most of this incremental growth is coming from a second customer's increased adoption of FormFactor's differentiated Smart Matrix full wafer contactor technology. Smart Matrix provides a unique combination of high parallelism productivity and high-speed performance, enabling our customers to test hundreds of completed HBM deck simultaneously at the 10 gigabit plus I/O data rate of HBM 4.

This capability is critical in advanced packaging processes like TSMC's Coos where stack die test insertions provide the final test for the HBM stack where it's combined with GPUs or custom ASICs. Our second quarter outlook shows the impact of FormFactor's competitive advantage and the resulting market share gains as P&IO speeds and overall stack bandwidth for HBM continue the relentless increase as the industry progresses from HBM3 to HBM4 and then on to HBM5. Shifting now to the foundry and logic probe card market. As expected, First quarter foundry and logic demand increased significantly over the fourth quarter driven primarily by growth in probe cards for networking applications.

In the current quarter, we expect continued growth in foundry and logic probe revenue, driven primarily by incremental strength in data center CPU applications, building on top of continued strong demand in networking, as well as steady demand in PC and mobile. This data center CPU probe card demand is directly linked to the newly appreciated trend of increasing CPU compute intensity in AI inference use cases. This offers a powerful example of the value of FormFactor's diversification strategy as we strive to be a leading supplier to all major customers. In this case, we benefit from having put ourselves in a position to capitalize on unexpected demand for CPU probe cards from one of our long-term major customers.

As we shared last quarter, we've continued to partner closely with this customer to support turnaround initiatives in the core business as well as in their effort to become a leading foundry. In addition, Intel recently awarded us the 2026 Epic Supplier Award, recognizing our world-class commitment to continuous improvement, collaboration and performance excellence. At the same time, as in HBM, we're successfully executing our strategy to be a top supplier to all the leading customers in the industry as we continue to build the foundation for market share gains at a large fabless XPU customer. Specifically, we've now been awarded a second design, building off our successful qualification and initial design win.

In addition, our production qualification in leading-edge GPU applications at the world's largest foundry is nearing completion, with preparation now underway for second half volume shipments and production support. Finally, as an additional component of FormFactor's expanding high-performance compute exposure, we continue to grow our custom ASIC business, following a multimillion dollar design win in deepening engagement with several hyperscalers and their ASIC design partners. Turning to our Systems segment. In the first quarter, we experienced the expected seasonal reduction in demand. In systems, our focus continues to be two-pronged: one, executing on the growth opportunity in co-package optics; and two, helping customers solve the challenges of building scalable and commercially viable quantum computers. Staying with Quantum for the moment.

In the first quarter, we announced the flat iron dilution refrigerator, a new benchtop millikelvin platform designed to simplify optical and electrical measurement and accelerate quantum device development, characterization and chip scale validation. In CPO, we're building on our decade-long R&D engagement with leading customers in their development silicon photonics and CPO and are now beginning to ramp our Triton production test system co-developed with Advantest and Tokyo Electron. This ramp is accelerating, and we now expect 2026 CPO revenues to come in at the high end of the $10 million to $20 million range we've previously communicated.

This acceleration is driven by 2 factors: first, the growing volumes of CPO chips planned for later this year; and second, our leadership in the important test insertion on which ensures known good die on the photonic integrated circuit or pick wafer. Insertion 1 is proving to be a cost-effective and production-ready solution to ensure high yields of CPO modules built with advanced packaging processes like TSMC's coup. Because of cost and complexity challenges, other test insertions like insertion 2, after stacking the electrical dye on the PIC are proving to be difficult for customers to implement the production.

Finally, we successfully integrated our [indiscernible] fourth quarter acquisition of Keystone Photonics, and our teams are collaborating to define and execute the world's leading silicon photonics and co-packaged optics probing road map. This includes electrooptical probe cards, which offer the promise of higher parallelism and higher throughput for our customers as we bring together our technology leadership in both electrical and optical oven. Before turning the call over to Eric, I want to thank the global FormFactor team. Achieving our target model is the result of their resilience in implanting multiyear investments in technology leadership talent, customer focus and operational execution.

We're well positioned as test intensity and complexity continue to rise at the intersection of advanced packaging and high-performance compute and we're excited to share our vision for the future of FormFactor at our May 11 Investor Day. Aric? -- you're up.

Aric McKinnis: Thank you, Mike, and good afternoon. Over the past 3 quarters, one of our top priorities has been to increase gross margins and deliver on our commitment to our target model of 47% non-GAAP gross margins at $850 million in annual revenues. We're proud to say that in Q1 '26, we achieved this target on a run rate basis, but we're even prouder of how we achieved it, driving what we believe are durable gross margin improvements. Through operational effectiveness and financial discipline. The actions we took included: first, deploying our workforce and existing manufacturing footprint more effectively, which included the restructuring actions announced in early Q1.

Second, driving improvement in manufacturing yields in key process areas; third, innovating to reduce manufacturing spending and lastly, reducing cycle times in key manufacturing operations. Even as we executed on record demand, we remain focused on driving improvements in these critical areas. This is the type of discipline that we believe is fundamental to driving sustainable financial results. Thanks to the FormFactor team's focused execution, we generated additional operating leverage on sequentially higher demand levels. Driving even better progress than expected and a cumulative improvement of more than 1,000 basis points in gross margins over the last 3 quarters. At the midpoint of our Q2 guide, we expect to generate another 50 basis points of expansion.

We believe the bulk of the improvements in gross margins are durable in nature. Driven by improved operational effectiveness as well as discrete changes in our cost structure. We expect these fundamental improvements will help us to profitably navigate the impact of inevitable shifts in product mix and volumes. Non-GAAP gross margins improved by 500 basis points from Q4 '25 and exceeded the midpoint of our first quarter outlook by 400 basis points. As expected, continued operational improvements and higher volumes drove an approximately 100 basis point improvement from Q4 '25 that we believe is durable in nature. The overperformance against Q1 expectations is about half related to timing items and half related to durable improvements.

The timing items of about 200 basis points are primarily driven by changes in customer-driven priorities within the quarter. This element may be transitory as driven by timing. The remaining overperformance of 200 basis points was split about 50-50 between first, faster realization of cost savings from our first quarter restructuring action and second, unexpected relief from tariffs. As IEPA tariffs were discontinued and placed by lower Section 122 tariffs during the quarter. These improvements are likely durable in nature. We continue to drive the unit cost of our products down in part enabled by increasing output from our existing infrastructure. Our exposure to fast-growing markets that Mike drive is generating demand that requires more output.

As reflected in our record quarterly revenue in Q4 '25, again in Q1 '26 and now in our outlook for Q2, we are manufacturing at levels that would not have been possible even 1 quarter earlier. Improvements in cycle times, yields and how we deploy our workforce in addition to reducing unit costs and improving gross margins are enabling us to get more out of each tool, process and sight by ensuring more good product out and better fungibility of our workforce. Our Farmers Branch site expansion is the next key priority. And the project is on track and expected to begin to come online later this year and to ramp over the course of 2027.

Bringing up this capacity on time and on budget is a key focus over the as it will enable the next phase of growth and gross margin expansion beyond our current target model. The trajectory of gross margin improvement and attainment of our target model is now evident, but our journey is not over. While we are optimistic about our ability to continue to drive profitable growth and believe we will continue to drive incremental improvements throughout 2026. We recognize that sustaining the progress that we have made will require ongoing focus and discipline.

Further, we expect future gains to be achieved at a more moderate pace as incremental improvements require both more effort and more time than the rapid progress to date. We are excited to share our longer-term view at our May 11 Investor Day. Q1 '26 revenues of $226.1 million came in $1.1 million above the midpoint of the Q1 '26 outlook range of $220 million to $230 million. GAAP gross margins for the first quarter were 38.4% and down 380 basis points from 42.2% in Q4. Cost of revenues included $23.9 million of GAAP to non-GAAP reconciling items, of which $21.5 million related to our Q1 '26 restructuring actions announced on January 5.

Details of the GAAP to non-GAAP reconciling items are outlined in our press release issued today and in the reconciliation table available on the Investor Relations section of our website. On a non-GAAP basis, gross margins for the first quarter were 49%, 510 basis points higher than the 43.9% we achieved in Q4 and 250 basis points above the high end of our Q1 '26 outlook range.

This increase in non-GAAP gross margins was driven primarily by improvement in the probe card segment, which were up 603 basis points to 50.5% and partially offset by the decrease in our Systems segment, which declined 350 basis points to 38% on seasonally softer demand and as we transition to production of our Triton system for co-packaged optics applications, as Mike described. Our GAAP operating expenses were $70.1 million for the first quarter, down slightly as a percent of revenue from the prior quarter and a decrease of 470 basis points from the same period in the prior year. Included in Q1 '26 operating expenses were $7.1 million of expense related to the preproduction ramp of Farmers Branch.

Despite the incremental spending, the decrease as a percent of revenue demonstrates continued spending discipline across the P&L. -- even as we drive innovation through R&D and fund the Farmers branch expansion. GAAP net income for the first quarter was $20.4 million or $0.26 per fully diluted share. Down from GAAP net income of $23.2 million or $0.29 per fully diluted share in the previous quarter. The decrease was driven by restructuring-related costs, net of tax of $17.6 million incurred in Q1. First quarter non-GAAP net income was $44.5 million or $0.56 per fully diluted share, up from $36.6 million or $0.46 per fully diluted share in Q4.

The GAAP effective tax rate for the first quarter was 2.1%, and the non-GAAP effective tax rate for the first quarter was 16.1%. Moving to the balance sheet and cash flows. We had free cash flows in the first quarter of $30.7 million compared to $34.7 million in Q4. The $4 million decrease in free cash flow was driven by greater capital expenditures and lower exposure from operations. The decrease in cash flows from operations which were down about $1 million from the prior quarter to $45 million in Q1 is driven primarily by higher working capital needs driven by our growth and $4.1 million in cash paid related to restructuring actions.

At quarter end, cash and investments were up $28.1 million to $303 million. We continue to expect that cash CapEx for Farmers Branch will be between $140 million and $170 million in 2026. Preproduction ramp costs and G&A will be between $20 million and $25 million. Upon completion of the ramp to initial target capacity, we expect Farmers branch to be acetic to gross margins. Associated with our investment in Farmers Branch, we secured certain incentives, which we expect will partially offset these expenditures. Among others, incentives include about $24 million in cash grants designated to fund capital expenditures upon meeting certain criteria. During the first quarter, we did not repurchase any shares.

At quarter end, authorization of $70.9 million remains available for future repurchases under the $75 million 2-year buyback program that was approved and announced in 2025. We are committed to our share repurchase program as a tool to offset dilution from stock-based compensation over the 2-year period of the program. In the short term, we have prioritized our deployment of cash to accelerate the ramp of our new manufacturing site in Farmers Branch. Turning to the second quarter non-GAAP outlook. We expect Q2 revenues of $240 million, plus or minus $5 million.

This increase in revenues and the impact of continued gross margin improvement initiatives described earlier, are expected to result in a higher non-GAAP gross margin of 49.5% plus or minus 150 basis points. As a reminder, we continue to see an adverse impact to gross margins from tariffs despite recent reduction in an amount paid. We have assumed around 140 basis points of tariffs in our outlook for Q2. We have paid substantial EPA-based tariffs since they were put in place in 2025, and we expect some or all may be refundable in the future due to the Q1 '26 Supreme Court ruling.

[indiscernible] We did not record a recovery of these amounts in Q1 and have not assumed recovery in our Q2 '26 outlook. We are actively monitoring developments in this rapidly evolving space. If the amounts we previously paid are deemed recoverable, we could receive a refund of $9 million to $11 million in tariffs previously recorded in cost of goods sold. At the midpoint of our outlook range, we expect Q2 non-GAAP operating expenses to be $65 million, plus or minus $2 million. Our Q2 non-GAAP effective tax rate is expected to be within the range of $15 to 19%. Non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share for Q2 is expected to be $0.61 plus or minus $0.04.

A reconciliation of our GAAP to non-GAAP Q2 outlook is available on the Investor Relations section of our website and in our press release issued today. As demonstrated by our Q2 results and our Q2 outlook, we have now achieved our current term model. We believe we have more room to run and driving operating leverage, underpinned by our initiatives to improve our structural costs, increase capacity and expand our leadership position in the fast-growing markets that Mike described. We look forward to sharing our new target financial model and key elements of our strategy at our planned Investor Day in a little under 2 weeks. With that, let's open the call for questions. Operator?

Operator: [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Brian Chin from Stifel. [Operator Instructions]

Brian Chin: And congratulations on the really good results. First question. NVIDIA 10% come other than the nice ring that it has to it. Can you explain why you break this out separately versus rolling up under TSMC? And also how much roughly of this is networking related? And what does that suggest or what does this suggest for your market share of the SAM for new existing platforms?

Mike Slessor: Brian, it's Mike. I'll take that one. With all customers, as we report them as -- when they cross the 10% threshold is required to it's based on who's placed the PO and who's paying the invoice. And so in this case, you see we have 2, 10% customers in this quarter. And as I described on the call, the second 10% customer is associated with networking. We're still making excellent progress on the GPU qualification. As I said, we're now reaching the final stages of that and expect essentially the $20 million in revenue we've described in the second half. We're now investing and preparing the capacity and local support for that.

Those POs we would expect to come from the foundry, just different business models in different part of a fabless customers' business.

Brian Chin: I'll leave CPO for the next question here. But 1 thing I wanted to ask you about, Mike, is that you've talked about the production ceiling that you're kind of working with until Farmers branch comes online, good sequential growth kind of in line with the midpoint of Q1 further growth ahead of our models for Q2, to ask this, but kind of curious how much of your near-term growth is being driven maybe by NIC or ASP relative to just units. Given the constraints you're operating on and maybe your ability to optimize within those constraints. .

Mike Slessor: Yes. So it's a great question, Brian. And it ultimately comes down to ASP versus volume. And as Eric went through in his prepared remarks, he provided a pretty clear bridge that showed the gross margin improvement up to the 49% level is really based on cost reduction on COGS. Now it's split on things that we believe are durable and things that we think are temporary. But pricing in ASP is not a major factor in that. We've always run a business where customers will definitely compensate us for value. Typically, that's been performance of our products, cost of tests that we produce reductions in cost of tests that are produced.

And in this case, there are some isolated incidents where customers are willing to pay expedite fees for a certain design because that offers the value in this capacity-constrained environment, but pricing really is not a driver of the gross margin improvement. It's COGS reduction and our operations team continuing to improve yields and cycle times and get more out of the existing footprint. How far that can run, we'll see. But so far, they've done a fantastic job.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Matthew Prisco from Cantor.

Matthew Prisco: So given the gross margin strength, I'd just like to dig in a little bit there. I know you listed out a few drivers, but can you perhaps just offer some more detail on how each of those drivers contributed to that 510 basis point increase quarter-over-quarter. And as we look forward over the last couple of quarters, combatted than expected. So how much more juice is there a squeeze with these current drivers ahead of that farmers branch ramp? .

Unknown Executive: Yes. So as mentioned in the prepared remarks, the 510 basis points roughly 400 basis points were driven by a mix of durable and what I call transitory items. And if I break those down, the durable piece is really related to faster realization of savings from our restructuring action. So we thought the expenses were going to be a little bit higher and we ended up being able to do better than that as we executed on that restructuring action. Those changes are -- it was about 100 basis points in the quarter. And those changes are going to persist at those savings will persist as we move forward, our permanent in nature.

The other 100 basis points of that 50% of the 400 basis points -- so the other 100 basis points is really related to tariffs. The new tariff construct that we're operating under just has lower weighted average tariff rates. And so that's resulting in a savings for us. We do continue to pay tariffs today. It still continues to be a headwind. But as long as the current framework is in place, we expect those savings to also be durable in nature. The piece that is transitory in nature really relates to timing items both on spend and also in terms of just prioritization of certain products that we were producing within the quarter.

Those were decisions that were made in order and were not included in our original outlook. We think those things are temporary and will flip around as we move forward, primarily mix and cost timing items. And so we don't expect those to necessarily persist going forward. Now we do expect those to be replaced by durable improvements as we move forward into next quarter into Q2.

So as you can see by our outlook, we are still expecting sequentially up -- that is because even though we have some of the improvement we saw in Q1, even though some of that goes away, it is replaced by other improvements, and those are primarily related to the full quarter impact of our restructuring actions and the savings associated with that. Also, volume is a factor as we move from $226 million to $240 million in revenues.

Matthew Prisco: And then maybe on the foundry logic side, that business obviously coming in better than expected. Can you help give us the breakout of that business as it stands today, kind of between that networking smartphone [indiscernible] all different moving parts within it. And as you talked about kind of the genetic AI driving the PP demand as we think about your ability to service that demand given the constraints on supply, are you falling short of that today? Or is there some kind of work around where you can actually supply these incremental parts .

Mike Slessor: Yes, it's Mike. I'll take that one. We don't break foundry and logic down other than qualitatively in some of these different drivers as we go sequentially forward. As we've done this quarter with the CPU demand that you talked about, -- the step-up in Q1 was expected, if you go back and parse our comments from the last call and right about where we thought it would be. Now part of that's the answer to your second question we are running at very, very high utilizations. And basically, if you look at the Q1 revenue results, we came in pretty close to the midpoint of the guidance, and that's a reflection of some of the constraints we have.

The operations team, as you can tell from our outlook, we're stepping up again pretty significantly sequentially. -- has continued to squeeze, I think you call it squeeze more juice out of things. That's true on the revenue side as well. One of the reasons gross margins are improving is we're producing more out of the same fixed cost footprint by and large. There's a tremendous amount of leverage when we do that. Now we're working closely with customers on their demand visibility is still a challenge in this business with lead times right around mostly shorter in the quarter.

But this is an area where we've got a more active dialogue going with customers to make sure we're planning for whatever we can produce. So we're meeting their needs and surprise demand like this, the CPU agent AI driving.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Krish Sankar from TD Cowen.

Hadi Orabi: Congrats on the great results. This is Eddie for Krish. I'd like to follow up on the same question regarding CPUs. Your main IDM customer remains 100% of revenues and for the past 2 quarters, the demand outlook for CPUs have meaningfully improved I wonder, do you expect later this year for that customer to return to more than 10%. And if we look at the revenues, they're still like 40%, 50% below their peak in 2022. I wonder how you think about the recovery profile from that customer going forward?

Mike Slessor: Yes. And if you look, obviously, this issue of 10% customers that customer was not a 10% customer in Q4 nor was it in Q1. With some of the CPU demand, they'll be pretty close in Q2. I don't know whether they'll make the line, but they're going to be buttoning back up. Of course, the other thing that's going on is we're making the absolute revenue threshold to hit 10% larger as we grow the overall top line for FormFactor. . So will it return to the 2022 highs?

I don't think so just based on some of the strength in CPUs, but as they continue to execute their turnaround plan as they continue to make progress in the foundry business, especially associated with their advanced packaging technology, given the strong relationship that we have with them, I referenced the award that they gave us earlier this year. We're certainly hopeful that we can return and even exceed the peaks of '22.

Hadi Orabi: And a follow-up. I mean, it seems you have these meaningful demand drivers from -- whether it's from NVIDIA, from the IDM, but your revenues seem -- correct me if I'm wrong, are they capped near that $240 million level until you guys ramp your facility later this year. I'm just wondering how to think about September and December revenues. Should we expect like flattish from that $240 million? Or do you think there are some optimization techniques that can take us $10 million to $20 million more than that. .

Unknown Executive: I'll take that question. As you can see from our Q1 results and our outlook, we've been able to now execute on $225 million in the Q1 quarter and then looking forward to next quarter to 240. I think if you were to back a quarter off of each of those a quarter before that, we probably couldn't have produced at those levels. We've been real-time driving efficiency improvements in terms of cycle times and yields in our sites. And I think that is very much real time, increasing our output out of our existing sites. It's very closely related to these efficiency improvements that we're making.

And it remains to be seen how much more of that we can drive. I do believe that there is still room for improvement, and we're going to continue to strive to make those improvements as we move through the remainder of 2026. To the extent we're successful in that, that will -- we expect to be able to continue to incrementally increase our output over the coming quarters.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Craig Ellis from B. Riley Securities.

Craig Ellis: Yes. Congratulations on the really strong execution guys. -- both on the top line and gross margin. I wanted to start just by following up on the last question. So we've done a really good job over the last couple of quarters. Tuning the knobs with our operations to drive significantly greater capacity and we're doing that with better yields, and that's helping to give us much better gross margin. How much of what you're doing at current facilities is going to be leverageable into Farmers branch when you ramp that up late this year and next year?

Unknown Executive: Our intent is to leverage all of that work, right? What -- it's really fundamentally improving how we run our manufacturing processes. And I think that moving a portion of our manufacturing and having the benefit of new tools we will only improve in those areas in terms of cycle times and yields with some of the additional capability we get from a new tool set. So we all intend to preserve the gains that we have made and in fact, build on them as we get access to newer equipment sets and a site that is more consolidated, if you will, that allow us greater fungibility of our resources.

Hadi Orabi: And then the follow-up question is regarding the networking business. So interesting to see big green there. On the 10% customer list. My question is this, as we think about that customer and the revenues that it's now driving, how do we think about how this most recent quarter performed relative to the trend lines that you all have been seeing and what you expect from that customer? Is there a seasonal sign wave that goes along with that demand -- or how do we interpret where revenues could go from here, given what you've seen in the past and what your expectations would be?

Mike Slessor: Yes. I'll address the seasonality part, Craig. There is going to be some seasonality in that business. You've seen it reflected in our HPM business, which obviously feeds into that customer's overall supply chain. First half heavy second half a little bit lighter, although some of the product releases are starting to blend together. So I would expect some seasonality. Having said that, if we look at the overall demand environment, it's pretty clear from an external perspective that the second half continues to be pretty strong, right?

We've got, as I said, in response to the CPU question, more active conversations with our customers because they understand there's capacity constraints, not just for us, but for our competitors as well. And so I think there's other opportunities that we can take advantage of, even if there is some seasonality around the annual cadence of these high-performance compute product releases, if you will.

Hadi Orabi: That's really helpful, Mike. And if I could sneak in one more. We're seeing more low-power DDR designing into certain AI systems going forward, it seemed like that could give legs to the kind of the legacy DRAM market that the company has served not making it as probe card intensive as HBM, but at least extending the life of different formats that might have had a different sign way. What does that mean for form? Is that right? Or is it not something that can benefit the business?

Mike Slessor: It depends, right? The real details of how our customers -- and I referenced this earlier in the call, shift their wafer start mix between HBM and DDR, primarily DDR5, but some legacy DDR4, as you alluded to in the mix is going to be really a pretty dynamic situation. the Chairman of 1 of our largest customers a few weeks ago publicly said that they're now getting better margins out of the DDR business than they are on the HPM business. . And I think you're going to see all 3 major DRAM manufacturers optimize their mix around this in this overall bit capacity-constrained market.

So there definitely is -- remembering that probe card demand is driven by new design releases and ramps of those specific designs. Each probe card is specific to a customer chip design there's a lot of devil in the details, but there is the potential for that to fill in some of the seasonality goals.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from the line of Christian Schwab from Craig Hallum.

Christian Schwab: Congrats on a great quarter. I just have 1 quick question. Can you remind me -- I can't find any way now. What is the target revenue capacity that on a yearly basis that you're putting on in Farmers Market.

Unknown Executive: Yes. farmers Brad. So just to remind you Yes, are Yes. Just a reminder on the time line. So we are initially starting production that site at the end of this year, and we intend to ramp over the course of 2027 to the initial target capacity approximate sizing of the initial target capacity is something equivalent, more or less equivalent to our existing California footprint. You can think of that as maybe 40% of our -- I'm sorry, a little bit more than that. Yes, roughly 60% of our existing probe cards business today. So a pretty substantial capacity, what I think is probably more relevant is our ability to bring that capacity online modularly over time.

So we're going to we're going to target initial capacity and then make sure that we're monitoring the outside environment. We're going to talk a bit more about this in our Investor Day on May 11 and should be able to provide some more details around it.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Dennis Paton from Needham & Company.

Unknown Analyst: So just could you maybe give us an update on your data test partnership? Kind of what's the progress there? And what is the time frame to monetize on that partnership? .

Unknown Executive: Yes. I think the partnership with Advantest, we've talked about it as being most prominent with CPO. The Triton system over the years we've codeveloped with them in Tokyo Electron. But I wouldn't characterize it too much differently than our partnerships with a variety of other suppliers in the industry. We work very closely every day with Advantest competitor Teradyne because fundamentally, we believe that the test ecosystem needs to be an open ecosystem. We trained our customers to rely on that for business continuity. We've all developed interface standards.

So I think the CPO momentum that both of us and Advantest have talked about, I think as an example, where this codevelopment together with partners in ATE and probers and other instrumentation really produce a system that's useful for solving an important customer problem. So a great result of that partnership, we got partnerships similar to this all over the place.

Unknown Analyst: Great. And then another question on Farmers Branch. So if I understood correctly, so you expect to replace basically most, if not all, of your California capacity with the capacity in Texas, right, which will be about 60% of it. And if that's correct, so when do you expect kind of revenue to start hitting the top line from Farmers Branch? What's going to be the first quarter that hits? And then when do you think you hit full capacity in that facility? .

Unknown Executive: Yes. To clarify, it's not a replacement. We're expanding our available capacity. And as I mentioned in my response earlier, we intend for that ramp to happen over the course of 2027. So pretty fast ramp time line with the first initial capacity coming on here at the end of the year at the very end. So not much impact to this year.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of David Duley from Steelhead Securities.

David Duley: I guess the first 1 is -- you mentioned your codeveloped tool and the Triton there for, I think, insertion number. You mentioned an insertion number. Will that be the vast majority of your TAM opportunity in CPO is top 1 particular step. I think there's like 4 insertion points and then a couple of like final testing. But -- so can you just kind of explain where you think most of your TAM and revenue would come from CPO as this insert you referring to or a different one? And then what is your total expectation for CPO revenue perhaps in 2027.

Mike Slessor: Yes. So David, I'll try to parse that in different ways. We're in the very early innings of CPO, right? This is the initial production ramp. We are focused on insertion One for a couple of reasons. One, it represents the sort of the foundational optical probing technology that's going to be needed in any of the insertions. If you think about any of the insertions you have to be able to optically probe the device. It's just insertion on essentially is the exclusively focused on that. There's a little bit of electrical program there, but it's really the optical proping step. So we're going to be able to port that technology, if you will, across all the other insertions.

I do expect, and I think most industry participants who are really in this game expect the spending between different insertions to move around as a function of yield, as a function of product mix from our customers. So we have active conversations on all of these different sections with various partners and with customers, we've just chosen the initial ramp to really focus on insertion 1, and that's turned out to be a good ben,right, as you can tell from us raising our outlook for 2027. the sort of revenue opportunity with CPO, I'm going to punt to Investor Day.

We're going to spend time talking about why we're differentiated the different insertions and the longer-term opportunities I think it fits pretty well in the context of the next target model we're going to share for you.

David Duley: Just as a follow-up on the insertion #1, that's where you're basically optically proven the PIC or the optical part, which is like super important, right? Because you're going to team that up with an electronic part later on. And once you package it together if the PIC doesn't -- if that part doesn't work, then a real key part breaks the co-packaged expensive part, so you don't feel like this is the most important step for you to address.

Mike Slessor: Again, it goes back -- so I'm not going to -- I'm certainly not going to argue with you given where we focused our R&D resources and the momentum we're seeing. But imagine a scenario where you've got very, very high yields. Our customers have very, very high yields on the PIC wafer. Now I think you can infer that's probably not the case now. And for a while, as the new technology ramps, there's going to be a yield learning curve. But that's 1 of the reasons why we're continuing to pay attention to all the other insertions.

And again, I can't overstress the idea that any insertion is going to require optical probing -- so if you get it right at insertion 1, you've got the toughest part of the problem solved for any of the other insertions.

David Duley: Okay. Final thing for me is, could you just elaborate, I think you mentioned that most of your growth in HPM probe card revenue in Q2 is going to come from a new customer adopting a new application. Could you just elaborate a little bit more on what you said and what the opportunity is? .

Mike Slessor: Yes. What I said was for Q2, we do expect HBM to grow to another record -- and really, this is -- comes from a second customer increasing their adoption of our Smart Matrix technology for the at-speed stack test. This has been one of the staples of our HBM differentiation. And we're now seeing some more significant adoption from the 2 other customers, others that are our primary driver customer. And we see this as central to our differentiation in the HBM space. .

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Elizabeth Sun from Citi.

Unknown Analyst: Congrats on the results. So first on the follow-up on the HPM question earlier, you talked about the second customer increasing adoption in Q2. So I'm just wondering on the third HPM customer, are you seeing -- are you expecting to gain share as well going down the road?

Mike Slessor: Elizabeth, in the long term, consistent with our strategy that we've articulated basically since I got here, we want to be a leading supplier to all customers in the industry. So that's an initiative. Now clearly, there's some prioritization and choices going on given not just the production volume, but how thinly or -- and the whole industry's R&D resources are stretched. So longer term, it's a question of time frame, right? Longer term, yes, we expect to be a leading supplier to all 3 DRAM manufacturers for these at speed DRAM test. And I think there's a nice sort of validation of that here in the second quarter. .

The other thing I wanted to make sure I snuck in here was if you look at the growth in HBM, from the first half of 2025 to the first half of 2026, if you take the midpoint or guide we've grown our HBM probe card business by more than 50%. It's a great example of the increase in test intensity, test complexity now in the second quarter, a little bit more of a contribution from a second customer for this highly differentiated at speed test.

Unknown Analyst: And on the CPO side, other than insertion one, are you still working -- are you also working with this similar group of partners? Or are you working with other like partners as well, like Teradyne or other probers testers providers?

Mike Slessor: Yes. So to be clear, the bulk of our work is on insertion 1, as you might imagine, we're very focused on that because that's the foundational here and now opportunity that we must execute on. I'll go back to what I've said before on this call and in other settings, we leave in the open ecosystem. And so a partner like Teradyne wants to focus together with us and make sure that we've got a compelling solution for some of the other insertions. We'll certainly engage in that discussion. There's some details of resourcing and different relationships that need to be figured out as we do that.

But the fundamental principle is we all need to operate in an open ecosystem to be as successful as we can and enable our customers to take on these significant technology challenges.

Operator: This does conclude the question-and-answer session of today's program. I'd like to hand the program back to Mike Slessor for any further remarks.

Mike Slessor: Thank you very much for joining us today. We're really excited to share the future of FormFactor now that we've achieved our target financial model, share with you the next target model. And really, the fundamental operating principles, development initiatives and growth areas that underpin that next target model for FormFactor. Hope to see you on May 11, either live in New York or we'll be webcasting the event as well. Until then, take care. .

Operator: Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Good day.