If you don't have a pension, and don't expect Social Security to meet your retirement needs, income investing can become a powerful plan B. But you're not careful, you could end up blindsided by some of this strategy's notable drawbacks.

Inflation
The silent wealth killer, inflation almost constantly eats away at the value of your holdings. A 3% average inflation rate can reduce an annual investment gain of 10% to just 7%. (That's why we refer to returns that incorporate inflation's effects as "real" returns.)

These days, if you're investing for income via savings accounts, CDs, or money market funds, you're probably losing ground to inflation. Earning 2.75% on a five-year CD when inflation averages 3% means you're not building any real wealth. And while inflation's been unusually low in recent years, any future economic recovery could give it a significant boost.

Taxation
Depending on which investments you turn to for income, you'll pay different amounts in taxes. Bond income gets taxed at your ordinary income rate -- 25% to 28% for most people, although it can go higher. Dividends from stocks have recently enjoyed a far lower taxation rate of 15%.

However, both those figures could rise significantly, as our cash-strapped government turns to taxes to stem its rising tide of expenses. Taxes on dividends and stock gains could increase to 20% or more, and folks in the highest tax brackets will soon pay a new 3.8% payroll tax on their investments.

In most cases, taxes are unavoidable -- but qualifying investors might have one narrow escape hatch. You won't pay a dime in taxes on investments in a Roth IRA, even if they pay dividends. Depending on your particular needs, and your tax bracket, dividend-paying stocks in a Roth might be a better investment than highly taxed bonds in a regular account.

Overconcentration
Many investors turn to mutual funds for convenient one-stop exposure to bonds or dividend stocks. But the allocations those funds choose could leave your money especially vulnerable to big swings in a single sector of the market.

A recent Wall Street Journal article noted that 46% of the iShares Dow Jones Select Dividend Index ETF (NYSE: DVY) portfolio was invested in financial stocks at the end of 2007. That helped contribute to its 33% decline in 2008, even though dividend stocks in general were considered safer than the overall market. After the financial sector's collapse, the ETF has pared back its exposure there to roughly 15%.

Seeking gems
These cautions shouldn't keep you from investing in strong dividend-paying stocks. The best of them will pay you steadily, even as they rise in value on their own. For instance, the iShares ETF includes McDonald's (NYSE: MCD) and General Mills (NYSE: GIS), both defensive issues that saw their fundamentals and stock prices hold up well, even during the 2008 bear market. Yet you'll also find dividend payers among more cyclical sectors. Garmin (Nasdaq: GRMN), for example, has struggled both due to general economic woes as well as competition from Nokia and Apple. But it has seen its net margins and returns on equity improve recently.

Don't let the threat of taxes and inflation drive you away from dividends. For all their potential pitfalls, income stocks remain some of the most attractive investments on the market.