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Caterpillar, Inc. (NYSE: CAT)
Q2 2018 Earnings Conference call
Jul. 30, 2018, 3:00 pm ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Thank you for holding. We sincerely appreciate your patience. Please stay on line and we'll be back in a moment.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the Caterpillar 2Q Earnings Results Conference Call. At this time all participants have been placed on a listen-only mode, and we will open the floor for your questions and comments after the presentation. It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host Amy Campbell. Ma'am, the floor is yours.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Thank you Kate. Good morning and I welcome everyone to our second-quarter earnings call. My name is Amy Campbell, director of Investor Relations for Caterpillar. On the call today, I'm pleased to have our CEO, Jim Umpleby and our Interim CFO, Joe Creed. Remember, this call is copyrighted by Caterpillar Inc. and any use, recording or transmission of any portion of the call, without the expressed written consent of Caterpillar is strictly prohibited.
If you'd like a copy of today's call transcript, we will be posting it in the Investors section of our caterpillar.com website, it will be in the section labeled Results Webcast. Also as a reminder, this morning we will be discussing forward-looking information that involves risks uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking information.
A discussion of factors that either individually or in the aggregate could make actual results differ materially from our projections can be found in Item 1A Risk Factors, and the 2017 Form 10-K filed with the SEC, and in our forward-looking statements included in today's financial release. In addition, a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures can be found in the appendix of this morning's presentation and our release which is posted at caterpillar.com/earnings.
We are going to start the call this morning with a few words from Jim, Joe will walk us through a detailed overview of results and our revised outlook and then we will turn it back to Kate, to begin the Q and A portion of the call. Jim.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Amy. Good morning everyone. Thanks for joining us. We had another great quarter with outstanding performance by our global team. Second-quarter sales and revenues were $14 billion, 24% higher than the second-quarter of 2017. We saw increased sales in all three of our primary segments and in all geographic regions. Profit per share of $2.82, was the best second-quarter performance in our company history. Operating profit increased 83% and adjusted profit per share was nearly double what it was in the same quarter last year.
For those of you that have followed us through the cycles you can recognize that our team did an excellent job managing costs as we significantly increased production which allowed us to deliver record quarterly profit per share. We are a higher-performing company today as a result of our team's cost discipline, the application of the operating and the institution model, and the restructuring actions we've implemented across the company in recent years.
As the numbers show, we are delivering on the commitments made at our Investor Day last September. We ended the quarter with $8.7 billion cash on hand and demonstrated our commitment to consistently return capital to shareholders in a disciplined way, by increasing the quarterly cash dividend by 10% per share in repurchasing $750 million of the company's common stock. We have repurchased $1.25 billion of stock since the first of the year.
Sustainable dividend growth and returning capital to shareholders remain high priorities for us. Now, to our outlook. We've had a great start to the year and there is continuing improvement in many of our end markets. So, we're raising our profit per share outlook for the full year. We feel good about the state of our business. Most of our markets continued to improve in the second-quarter. Our order rates and the backlog remains strong.
For certain applications, particularly in oil and gas and mining, we are taking orders for delivery well into 2019. We're very focused on the products services and innovation which will fuel future growth. We intend to continue investing in the expanded offerings and services that are core components of our strategy. Digital initiatives like eCommerce, connecting assets and autonomous machines, as well as new engine technologies, and machine programs. Here are a few examples to showcase what we're accomplishing.
For expanded offerings, we have introduced the 20 ton classic next generation excavators. Which offer unique combinations of purpose-built features designed to match customers productivity and cost targets. The services component of our strategy has multiple initiatives and we continue to invest in our digital capabilities. We have about 700,000 connected assets, roughly 30% more than the number of assets we cited in investor day.
We have the largest number of autonomous machines in the mining industry and these autonomous solutions that help customers experienced 20% productivity improvement over best-in-class mine cites. As part of an ongoing pilot, a large customer recently moved the first payload using a fully autonomous Cat 400 ton haul truck in the oil sands. This is the largest autonomous truck ever put into a productive operating environment. As part of our services strategy, we've increased the number of products sold with customer support agreements.
We've also made two acquisitions in early 2018, to increase our service capabilities for our rail customers. We continue to make strategic investments in engine technologies such advanced engine controls, high-performance Aaron fuel systems and new material compositions in our pursuit of improved power density, efficiency, and emissions. On the issue of trade, we urge government leaders to take actions to remove uncertainty. As a global manufacturer, Caterpillar has long advocated for free-trade because it enhances global competitiveness and helps U.S. manufacturers grow U.S. jobs and exports.
Based on the current situation, we've assumed incremental tariff related costs of $100 to $200 million for the rest of the year. Even with these new costs, we are raising our 2018 outlook. We are confident that our strategy positions as to capitalize on current market opportunities and manage through dynamic environments. In summary, this was a great all round quarter for sales growth, operational performance and capital deployment. We delivered record second-quarter profit per share and raised the full-year outlook. Our financial position is strong.
We feel good about our markets and we will remain focused on structural cost control while investing for profitable growth. These results continue to give us confidence that our strategy with a core components of operational excellence, expanded offerings and services, framed by the fundamental discipline of operating and execution model, is delivering value for our customers and our shareholders. With that, I'll turn it over to Joe.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
All right. Thanks Jim and good morning everyone. Let's start with a brief overview of the headline numbers on slide four. As Jim mentioned, the team performed extremely well in the second-quarter. Sales and revenues for the second-quarter increased to $14 billion, 24% higher than the second-quarter of 2017. As we continue to ramp production to meet higher demand, our end markets remained strong most notably North America and China construction, as well as North American onshore oil and gas.
Mining sales were still in the early stages of recovery. Were also up as we're seeing increased orders and deliveries for new equipment in addition to aftermarket parts. Once again profit per share of $2.82 was the best second-quarter performance in our company history. Adjusted profit per share of $2.97 was about double last year, driven primarily by the higher sales volume and continued cost discipline. We have a strong balance sheet and ended the quarter with $8.7 billion of enterprise cash.
ME and T operating cash flow was $2.1 billion in the quarter. Also, we have demonstrated our commitment to return capital to shareholders by increasing the quarterly dividend by 10% per share and repurchasing $750 million of the company's common stock. As the numbers reflect, this was a great quarter for sales growth, operational performance, and capital deployment.
These results continue to give us confidence in our strategy. We're using the operating execution model to drive profitable growth through operational excellence, as well as, expanded offerings and services for our customers. Now, turn to slide five and we'll discuss operating profit. Operating profit in the second-quarter was almost $2.2 billion. An increase of 83% compared to the second-quarter of last year. Adjusted operating margin for the quarter was 16.3% on the high-end of our investor day range and 440 basis points higher than the second-quarter of 2017. While we expect operating margins to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter, the second-quarter represents an impressive improvement and demonstrates the operating leverage we have across the company due to our restructuring efforts and ongoing cost discipline.
Again, I want to thank our global team for their commitment to operational excellence which can clearly be seen in this quarter's results. As you see in the chart, higher sales volume across all three of our primary segments contributed an additional $1 billion of operating profit compared to the same quarter last year. Price realization was about $90 million in the second-quarter more than offsetting higher manufacturing costs. Let's expand on manufacturing costs for a minute. They increased roughly $80 million compared to last year as higher freight and material costs were partially offset by lower warranty expense. In the quarter, higher freight costs drove the largest increased manufacturing costs. That's a result of several factors including higher freight rates due to stream capacity in the trucking industry, less-efficient freight loads and expedited freight as we continue to ramp production to meet increased demand. Material costs were up about 1%, driven largely by higher steel costs, an increase we anticipated because of higher commodity prices. Very cost remain well controlled in the quarter up less than 3% compared to last year even with 24% higher sales and revenues.
Finally, financial products was unfavorable $56 million. However, the core business is performing well. Higher past dues and increased write-offs this quarter were primarily limited to a few customers in cap power and review of the recent collection experience of our Latin America portfolio.
Now, let's take a look at the performance of each segment beginning with construction industries on slide six. Sales for construction industries were $6.2 billion in the second-quarter. An increase of $1.2 billion or 24% from 2017. CI sales increased across all regions with the strongest performance in Asia-Pacific and North America. Asia-Pacific sales were up 43% or about $500 million, driven primarily by China where we're seeing continued investment in building construction and infrastructure. Sales of excavators in China remains strong in the second-quarter with industry sales for the 10 ton and above excavator up more than 70% year-to-date.
North America also continued to be a bright spot for CI in the quarter with sales up about $400 million or 18%. Much of the sales increase was driven by investment in non-residential construction and oil and gas-related projects including pipelines. Segment profit increased 28% over the last year to $1.2 billion which is a record for CI. Operating margin in the quarter was 18.7% exceeding the investor day range.
Higher sales volume was the primary driver of the profit improvement. This was partially offset by unfavorable price realization and higher costs for material, freight, as well as, SG&A and R&D. Pricing was competitive in the second-quarter, especially in some of our key regions for CI. However, we did announce a mid-year price increase for machines that took effect on July 1st.
Now, let's move on to slide seven. The resource industry team turned in a great second-quarter. Sales for RI were $2.5 billion in the quarter, up 38% from a year ago. In addition to ongoing aftermarket parts demand to support machine activity and rebuild, sales for new equipment increased across all regions. Our mining customers are placing orders on new equipment as commodity prices remain above investment thresholds. However, we believe mining customers have yet to begin full-scale fleet replacements. In addition, global economic growth and infrastructure investment contributed to higher sales of heavy construction equipment. Segment profit of $411 million was more than four times higher than the second-quarter of 2017, and segment margin improved to 16.3%, which surpasses the investor day range of 12% to 16%. RI's improved performance and margin expansion is primarily due to operating leverage gained through significant restructuring and the team's disciplined cost management. In fact, RI period costs were about flat with 38% higher sales.
Now, let's turn to slide eight and we'll discuss energy and transportation. E&T sales in the second-quarter were $5.7 billion, 20% higher than the same quarter last year with sales increasing across all application. Sales into oil and gas applications were up $400 million or 39%, as we continue to see strength in onshore activity in North America especially for gas compression and while servicing applications. For power generation, sales increased 13%, driven primarily by sales of gas-powered applications in the ME. Our industrial applications sales increased 10%, largely driven by improving global economic conditions and higher end-user demand across most applications.
Finally, transportation sales were up 14%, driven by our two recent acquisitions in rail services: one in Europe and one in Australia along with increased rail traffic in North America. Marine was also up slightly, due to higher sales into the cruise sector. Segment profit for energy and transportation was just over $1 billion, up about $300 million from last year. The segment margin improved over 300 basis points to 17.7%, which is at the high end of the investor day range. E&T's profit improvement was mostly due to higher sales volume, favorable price realization, and lower short-term incentive compensation expense. This was partially offset by higher freight costs.
Before I move to the outlook, I want to spend a moment talking about capital deployment on slide nine. As I mentioned earlier, our ME&T operating cash flow was $2.1 billion in the second-quarter, and we finished the quarter with $8.7 billion of enterprise cash on hand. While we're committed to investing to profitably grow our business, we also have the benefit of strong operating cash flow and a solid balance sheet which provides the flexibility to continue returning capital to shareholders. We intend to do this in a disciplined way by focusing on sustainable dividend growth and being in the market for share repurchase is on a fairly consistent basis. In line with this strategy, we increased our quarterly dividend by 10% per share and repurchased $750 million of common stock in the second-quarter, bringing our year-to-date total repurchases to $1.25 billion. We expect share repurchases in the second half of the year to be in a range similar to the first half, but we could be more opportunistic depending on market conditions and investing priorities.
Our current share repurchases authorization expires at the end of this year. To ensure continuity with our cash deployment priorities, the board of directors approved a new $10 billion share repurchase authorization which is effective Jan 1, 2018 with no expiration date. Again, the team delivered an outstanding second-quarter. Now, let's turn to Slide 10 and look at the details of our updated outlook. As we said in our release this morning, based on our strong year-to-date performance, and our current view of our end markets, we are raising our full-year of profit per share outlook to a range of $10.50 to $11.50. Excluding restructuring costs of about $400 million, we now expect adjusted profit per share to be in a range of $11 to $12. I'll share some perspective on our various end markets in more detail on the next slide. But first, let's talk about a few items that are included in this outlook.
We feel good about the state of our business. Most of our end markets continued to improve in the second-quarter. Order rates and the backlog remains strong. For certain applications particularly in oil and gas and mining, we continued taking orders for delivery well into 2019. Recently imposed tariffs had minimal impact in the quarter, but are expected to impact our second half material costs by approximately $100 million to $200 million.
We also expect freight cost to remain elevated as we ramp production to meet higher demand. However, we intend to offset most of these headwinds through mid-year price increases and continued use of the operating and execution model to drive operational excellence and structural cost discipline. We will also continue to invest in our future, focusing our investments on expanded offerings and services. In addition to new machine and engine programs, we're also investing in digital technologies that are expanding the services and the solutions we offer our customers.
Now let's take a look at our end markets in a little more detail on slide 11. The slide reflects our current view of the end markets we serve. As you can see, our end markets are at various stages. Some are experiencing strong demand, some are in the early stages of recovery, and some remain challenged compared to historical levels. For construction industries, we're experiencing strong product demand in Asia Pacific, North America, and EAME, while sales in Latin America are still depressed. Given the strong selling season, our backlog is down slightly compared to the first quarter. This reflects normal seasonal patterns for CI and our order rates remain healthy. As you know, North America retail stats just turned positive in May of last year after 24 consecutive months of decline. We believe demand will continue to be strong with investments in nonresidential construction and oil and gas-related projects including pipelines.
For resource industries, robust economic growth and infrastructure investments are driving strong demand and heavy construction applications. However, for global mining customers, we believe this recovery is still in the early stages. What started a strong demand for aftermarket parts and rebuilds has recently progressed to increase demand for new equipment.
Commodity prices continue to be above investment thresholds, which is improving the financial health of many mining customers. We're working hard to continue to increase production with our suppliers and at our facilities. In the second-quarter our production and shipping activity kept pace with the increase in order rate and as a result the backlog for our I remained flat. Energy and transportation is our most diverse segment and serves a wide variety of end markets. Sales in the North America gas compression and well servicing applications remained very strong. The Permian Basin contains the most drill rigs and uncompleted wells in the U.S. and we expect growth in the region to continue.
We're also continuing to see increased activity across other shale basins in the U.S. as recent market conditions have enabled them to be profitable. While gas compression and well servicing demand is strong in North America, we continue to see weak demand for new equipment for on and offshore drilling, as well as, offshore oil and gas production. Power generation is experiencing a demand increase following the multi-year downturn in sales. Improvement is driven mostly by demand for powering data centers and gas powered applications in EAME.
While sales are expected to be up in 2018, we believe this year will still be well below our recent high in 2012. Sales for industrial applications are strong largely due to improving global economic conditions and higher end user demand across most applications. The North American rail market is showing signs of recovery. Total carloads improved in-store locomotives were down for the second-quarter. While we have received orders for new locomotives, the demand is low compared to historic levels. We have, however, seen a significant increase for rail services and locomotive rebuilds. For marine sales, we're seeing improvements for cruise and tugboats, but the marine market continues to be challenged especially for work boats supporting offshore oil platforms. In summary, we feel good about our end markets many of which continue to be strong while others are recovering. We are confident our corporate strategy positions us well to manage through this dynamic environment.
Now, I'd like to give a quick update on the execution of our strategy on slide 12. Recall on Investor Day last September, we provided target operating margin ranges for all three segments and for the company. Those ranges reflected our expectations for significantly improved performance and achievable sales levels that we have seen in the past. Slide 12 shows our consolidated sales and revenues and adjusted operating margin history back to 2012, which was our peak for sales and revenues. The column on the far right reflects our consolidated Investor Day operating margin range of 14% to 17% at sales levels of about $55 billion.
As the numbers show, we are delivering on our commitments. The last 12 months of sales and revenues dating back to July of 2017 were just over $51 billion with an adjusted operating margin of 15%, that's more than 100 basis points higher than our 2012 performance, which was achieved on sales and revenues of almost $66 billion. Like Jim said, running the business using the operating execution model, coupled with restructuring actions, has made us a higher-performing company. We are committed to delivering stronger performance throughout the cycle.
We are relentless in control of our structural costs, as evidenced by our results. But these results aren't all about cost control, the real power of the operating and execution model comes from focusing resources on growing our most profitable businesses to maximize returns. Like investments in the next-gen excavator, autonomous technologies, connecting assets and expanding our e-commerce platform, to name a few. This demonstrated performance, along with our current view of key end-markets, gives us the confidence to raise our full-year outlook for 2018. Now, let's turn to Slide 13 and I'll conclude with a quick summary.
We are delivering on our commitment and our strategy is working. We delivered record second-quarter profit per share, raised the full-year outlook and our returning capital to shareholders. We're confident in our end markets and we remain focused on structural cost control while investing for profitable growth. With that, I'll turn it back to Amy to begin the Q and A portion of the call.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Thank you Joe. We're ready for the first question.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, the floor is now open for questions. If you have any questions or comments, please press star one on your phone at this time. We ask that while posing your question, you please pick up your handset if listening on speakerphone to provide optimum sound quality. Our first question today is coming from Andrew Casey. Please announce your affiliation and then pose your question.
Andrew Casey -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Wells Fargo Securities. Good morning, everybody.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Morning Andy.
Andrew Casey -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Couple of questions on margins. First, does the updated guidance still incorporate an expectation that Q1 performance would be the best of the year and then second, looking at slide 12, I'm just wondering how to put everything in context given your growth initiatives and how quickly this segment margin performance has either exceeded or gone toward the top end of Investor Day rating? I'm just wondering, should we expect further upside to margin performance even with how good it's been so far?
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Andy, this is Jim. Just the second part of your question first. So, as you indicated, we gave expected operating margin targets for known achievable sales levels in the recent past, we obviously if in fact sales are higher in each of those segments, it's not unreasonable to expect higher-margin percentages. However, we also want to grow our business as we talked about in Investor Day.
So, if we're at the top end of one of those ranges and we have the opportunity to increase sales significantly and hold a specific opportunity, discrete opportunity that allows us to increase sales but keeps that margin percentage at the top end of that range that something will do. However obviously, higher sales one should expect in general, higher operating margin percentages?
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yes, from Mr. Joe, from quarter-to-quarter I would expect those operating margin ranges could bounce around a little bit but I don't think we would expect any second half to be significantly different from what we've seen through the first half of this year.
Andrew Casey -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Joe O'Dea. Please announce your affiliation and pose your question.
Joe O'Dea -- Vertical Research -- Analyst
Hi, good morning. It's Vertical Research. On tariffs and trade, just in terms of backward looking on the quarter, it really doesn't seem like much of a disruption, as you think about just the customer interactions over the course of the quarter though, I think and particular related to China. Anything that you're seeing relative to your kind of direct exposure with China utilization levels of equipment over the course of the past couple of months, anything on the demand side with excavators.
Then when we think about the indirect exposure, and I guess in particular as it would relate to to mining and anything there where you'd see a little bit increased customer on mining just as it relates to kind of some of the headlines around trade.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Joe, it's Jim. To answer the first part of your question, our business in China continues to be strong, we haven't seen an impact of the trade tension on our business as we mentioned in our prepared remarks. Where we feel good about our business and our markets continuing to look quite good. We also haven't seen a negative impact from mining either. Obviously, as one looks at global economic conditions and global economic growth, there's a whole variety of factors that feed into what the global economies will be, but as we stand here today, we feel good about our markets and our demand remain strong.
Joe O'Dea -- Vertical Research -- Analyst
Got it. Then just on on construction pricing and the midyear increases, is that something that we start to see in 3Q or just given the backlog does that take a little bit of time to actually show up in the results that we will see?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
No, I'm glad you asked, Joe. So, I think you're you're right on there. Given the backlog and the time it takes for that midyear price action to work through, we would expect some lag. So, we would expect to start to see the favorability for the midyear price increase in construction industries to be little later in the year, maybe toward the end of the third-quarter into the fourth-quarter.
Joe O'Dea -- Vertical Research -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Stephen Volkmann. Please announce your affiliation and then pose your question.
Stephen Volkmann -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi, good morning? It's Jeffery's.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Morning?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Morning Steve.
Stephen Volkmann -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi. So, I'm wondering Jim, maybe we can go back quickly to something you said I think in response to Andy's question. Do you have a big backlog or a pipeline of things that you would like to fund with respect to growth initiatives that may start to come in at a faster pace going forward?
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
We're continually evaluating opportunities for investments to fuel future growth. We've talked about what we're doing in our services obviously, is a big area of focus for us and we're investing in our digital capabilities. But we do have a list of things we'd like to invest in, we feel comfortable in our ability to do that while continuing to maintain our performance. I mean there's a whole list of things we can talk about. I think you've read through of our press releases about what we're doing with autonomous vehicles, Site Solutions, power density, engine emissions. So, yes, we do have a list of things as we always do of items that we're investing in. But again, we're we're committed to do this in the environment of continuing to perform as a company financially.
Stephen Volkmann -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful, thanks. Then, if I could just focus for one second on slide 11, where you talked about end-market assumptions. It looks like one way you could read that is things that are sort of below normal, things that are in-line with normal, and things that are stronger than normal. First of all, if you'd like to dissuade me from that interpretation, feel free but I'm curious sort of how you think of the overall business with respect to the various cycles because clearly, the market is worried about where the industrial cycle is and where the things maybe kind of mid-cycle or above and I'm curious if you have an opinion as to sort of where we are overall with Cat cycles.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
It is important to keep in mind that Caterpillar is a diverse business and I think a lot of times they look at our business, they'll just think of construction and that's why we took the time to go through that slide and Joe went through that with you. So, again, Joe laid it out pretty well and it's in the slide. There are certain parts of our business that are certainly below what we would consider a normal range.
Some that and had not started to recover. We had some that are still below what we consider normal demand in our recovering and we have some that are very strong and we tried to lay that out in our slide.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
I think and to further add onto that, those end markets that are in the far right-hand column there of strong demand, I mean if you look at EAME well, we consider it's strong and it's been growing for these last several years. It's actually still a little below sales levels that we achieved earlier this decade and well below low sales level a decade ago kind of in the middle of last decade. So, we are seeing consistent growth in EAME but it's not above where we were earlier five, six years ago. Say the same thing about industrial, we also see good healthy growth but those sales levels continue to be a little below some highs achieved a few years ago and really the same thing for resource industries.
So, we look at North America as very strong, that's after several years of below-trend sales. We've also talked about China also be in a very strong region but we still see, now if we look specifically at the 10 tenant of excavator, we expect sales for that product in the industry to be below the peak that it achieved in 2011. So, it's a little bit difficult to put these on an exact equilibrium. I think what we wanted to be very clear about is that the markets are in different phases of the cycle but there still is opportunity for growth through probably across most of them.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, this is Joe, just exactly what you said, Amy I agree, wasn't intended, you can't take the far-right column and say everything in there is about mid-cycle that wasn't the intent, it was just the intent to say we're getting strong demand on those products and where we're seeing demand and we are diverse and then we have industries that are in various stages of recovery at the moment.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
One of the things we're pleased it is our record financial performance even though we have a number of our key markets that are quite weak. Offshore oil and gas is, when we talked about this quite weak, new locomotives is weak, mining is improving but it's still well below what we consider a normal level. So again, the fact that we're turning in record performance with those key markets where they are is something we feel good about.
Stephen Volkmann -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Thank you guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Ann Duignan, please announce your affiliation, then pose your question.
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Morning and JPMorgan. I've got a quick clarification question and then my real question. For the clarification question is just on your revised guidance, what's embedded in that for share repurchases? Because originally, you did not have any share repurchases in your guidance. So, if you could just tell us, the first half, that's done and over or have you embedded any share repurchases into the back half?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Now, you're correct Ann. We typically have not forecasted share repurchase, and the guide that we put out there, the adjusted profit per share of $11 to $12, we have assumed, as Joe said that, we would be fairly consistent in the second half with share repurchases as we were in the first half. So, with 1.25 in the first half, call it two to 2.5 in the second half, or 2.5 I guess would be...
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
For the full year.
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
That's not embedded in the 11.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. We clarified that.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Thanks for talking.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Look, similar 2.5-ish in that range for the full year.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Thank you for the clarification, Joe. Okay, I will say, Ann, I want a setback. I mean that is a broad range and so we have played that in, but there is a number of variables you've got played into that, that range of $11 to $12 of adjusted profit per share.
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Okay and then I appreciate that clarification. My question then is turning to China and your outlook for excavator sales. You had guided plus 30%, and you had called that the cycle was above normal this year and that's why you were being cautious. Now we're up 70% year-to-date. What's your recent thinking on excavator sales in China going forward, particularly in light of some of the policy easing that the government's doing to help support PPPs and things like that? What's your latest thoughts on the market there?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
So for China in the first quarter, we talked about the 10-ton-and-above excavator demand for the industry being up about 30%. We now have that forecast up about 40%, so we've raised that expectation for the rest of the year. That industry class is up 70% year-to-date, so that does imply that there will be slowing growth in the back half of the year. If you recall, the back half of 2017 saw some pretty significant growth levels, and so the comp gets to be quite difficult. We do expect this year for China sales to have more normal seasonal patterns. So, while in the second half of last year China sales were higher than the first half, that's a bit unusual. We expect more of the 60-40; 60% of sales in the first half of the year, 40% in the back half of the year, Ann.
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Your thoughts on the ongoing outlook just based on what you're seeing infrastructure-wise in China?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
They continue to be active. We continue to feel good about our end markets. We do have some dealer inventory to grow in China. I think we continue to keep an eye on what's a pretty dynamic environment.
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Okay. I leave it there in the interest of time, thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from David Raso. Please note your affiliation then pose your question.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Evercore ISI, thank you. Back to slide 11, on the end market outlook.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yes.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
I know you're still very confident about the categories that are in the strong demand area which is all well and good, but if you can maybe plus these numbers, I'm just curious. Even the businesses that are in the strong demand area, I'm coming up with at most they're 45 to 50% of revenues and probably a little bit lower than that on operating profit, call it 40 to 45 on a normalized basis. So, I'm just trying to understand this, is that the right way to look at it? Yes, the strong demand businesses are areas that you still feel good about and they can grow. But even without that you have the first two categories in the left that are the majority of sales and earnings. Is that a fair way to just assume how we're supposed to read that break? I know you don't give all those businesses exactly by sales and revenues, but obviously I try to take a stab at it. Can you help with that question and Sanity can check that thought?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yeah.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
This is Joe, I would say I don't have those figures in front of me and we don't normally disclose them in that way. Keep in mind they'll vary depending on where these businesses move around on this chart, but I think you're thinking about it in a correct way. Our point is as Jim mentioned earlier, if you think about record performance that we're turning in from our operating in running the company and we feel good about that relative to a significant portion of our business that still in the recovering or early stages of recovery are still operating it at pretty low levels. So, we feel like not all of our markets are synchronize at this point and that's not necessarily a bad thing.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Again, just to make sure, so the majority of your sales on EBIT are on those first two categories called slow to recover and recovering and less than 50% is strong demand. I know you're saying those can grow beyond, but just making sure we roughly frame it, is that a fair generalization?
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I don't know Amy if you have the.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yes.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
I wouldn't frame it that way.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yeah. David, I don't have those numbers in front of me so I'd be hesitant to frame it that way, I think we could go back and look at that, it should be relatively easy to calculate, but sitting here while you're talking, I don't have that number in front of me so I'm cautious to confirm it. It doesn't.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
That's fine, we can we can go into detail offline. Then lastly, the comment you had about second-half operating margins being similar to the first-quarter, to hit your EPS number it seems to be implying the back half-of-the-year the sales growth is roughly 13%. Just given the order book is up 27% with the implied order book the way I calculate up over 27%, but the backlog is up over 20. A, is there something about your ability to take these orders in backlog and execute on them in the back half-of-the-year, that would suggest you want to be able to grow really anywhere close to the order book strength in the backlog? Or is it just we'll discuss future guidance when it comes up in the next quarter too. I'm just trying to make sure I understand why would the sales growth be that much slower in the second-half than your backlog in order growth.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
So, I want to keep in mind, David, that one of the things that we did this quarter is put the outlook out there, adjust the profit per share of $11 to $12 which reflects several variables that we think could be more or less favorable. We wanted to reflect a reasonable range that we think we can fall within. I do want to clarify one of your comments which is we expect second half operating margins to be pretty similar to the first half, not necessarily the first quarter but pretty similar to the first half.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
If I misspoke, apologize. That's right. That's the same. They can have similar-
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yeah. Yeah, I know, I just have to clarify that.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
The first half was 17.2, second-half, if you assume 17.2, that's roughly the implied sales growth, that's all I'm implying.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
So, I think if you walk through the segments and if we're talking about volume specifically and again, I think as we continue to work through supply chain challenges, we get some more clarity as the rest of the year plays itself out. But as we see it today, resource industries does continue to ramp production across many of their product lines. We would expect that energy and transportation, we are seeing strength in the onshore oil and gas application which is a piece of their portfolio.
Although, we would expect more normal seasonality first-half, second-half for energy and transportation. With that expected seasonality and construction industries with China kind of 60-40 split, even though we continue to see growing demand and some of the other regions, we would, I think, expect construction industries to be more or less pretty even on sales first-half over second-half. Again, to clarify, there is still some runway to play out for the rest of the year, we do continue to work through supply chain challenges but on a broader perspective. That's how we're thinking about volumes for the rest of the year.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Okay. Just to be clear, the supply chain isn't the reason if that math is correct to suggest why that growth should be that much lower than older books and backlog. So, I'm just making sure we're not trying to quietly highlight that much of a restrain on the backlog and orders turning into sales in the back half, and you're saying some constraint but that's not what you're trying to say.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yeah. That's correct. That would be the correct assumption, David.
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
That's all. Really appreciate the time. Thank you so much.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Joel Tiss. Please announce your affiliation and pose your question.
Joel Tiss -- Bank of Montreal -- Analyst
I'm at the BMO. So, I just wondered if there's any signaling at all from increasing the share repurchased, that acquisitions are less of a priority or maybe they're expensive or just any color you can help us with there.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. We weren't trying to imply anything there. So, we continually evaluate M&A opportunities and we also talked about our desire to return cash to shareholders. So, we're not trying to imply anything there.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I mean, as we said in the prepared remarks, our results are strong. We have a very strong financial position and we think we're in a position to do both.
Joel Tiss -- Bank of Montreal -- Analyst
I just wondered following up on that, can you give us just kind of a range for the free cash flow for the full year and what was behind this accrued wages and salaries and employee benefits, it had a negative swing of about a billion four year-over-year and I just wondered if there's any big chunks in there that we should be aware of. Thank you.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yes. Sure. Joel, as you know, we don't provide a free cash flow outlook. But you are correct, we did have the accrued wages increase and that has to do with 2017 short-term incentive compensation, which we pay a quarter in arrears. So, the 2017 short-term incentive compensation which I think was about $1.4 billion, we paid in March of 2018 and that's compared to $200 to $300 million, I think it's about 250 for 2016, short-term incentive compensation that we paid in the first quarter of 2017. So, that $1.2 billion difference will explain most of that change.
Joel Tiss -- Bank of Montreal -- Analyst
That's not going to mean that the free cash flow in 2018 is somewhat a little bit below 2017 levels?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Well, again, we don't have a free cash flow forecast but we do expect operating profit at $11 to $12 versus $6.88 last year, we would have significantly higher operating profit and that one issue around, the payment of short-term incentive compensation expense won't repeat itself that was a first quarter issue.
Operator
Okay, thank you.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yeah.
Operator
Our next question today is coming from Jamie Cook. Please announce your affiliation and post your question.
Jamie Cook -- Credit Suisse Securities -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning, I've got two questions. One, can you just talk about the level of visibility you have in 2019 relative to as we were sitting here last year? You noted a couple of times good visibility in oil, and gas, and mining. So, I was hoping that you could just put some color around that, maybe in terms of lead times. Then my second question, what is your approach to pricing with some of these longer lead time products? In particular, when we have material cost headwinds, I don't want to get concerned that price match cost could be a headwind in 19 without getting too far out. Thanks.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Jamie, this is Jim. So, as we mentioned earlier, we are building some backlog in '19 for oil and gas and mining. To answer your specific question, you wanted to come back to Slide 11, one of the areas that has been slow. Certainly, this year is offshore oil and gas. In solar, for example, we are seeing increased quoting activity which is a positive sign that that has to translate into specific orders. But if in fact oil prices stay strong and capex increases for the IOCs and NOCs, it wouldn't be unreasonable for us to see increased sales in 2019 in offshore oil, and gas, or solar. Again, mining, we are seeing increased activity, increased quotation activity, and that's all positive thing. On the pricing question, obviously, a lot of variables go into pricing: the competitive market, we make decisions based on using only model, based on the specific market, and the specific geographic area. But I wouldn't be overly concerned in 2019 with the price cost equation.
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Just to add a little bit there, Jamie, I think, Joe, input cost is one of many factors that goes into the pricing decision as Tim said. Keep in mind, as we look at our input costs, we have a lot of levers to try to offset those. As we said this year, even continuing to use the operating execution model, executing our strategy, staying disciplined on cost control operational excellence. So, while it's one factor, I will want to make sure we're not just sort of ring-fencing price, input cost, ratio. I know it's something that we look at but we will use that as we look at pricing in 2019, input costs will be a big factor in what we're looking at heading into next year.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
These various elements are going through our cost, of course. If in fact the costs are being driven by higher commodity prices, generally, for caterpillar, that's a good thing not a bad thing.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Okay. I appreciate the call, I'll get back in queue.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Robert Wertheimer. Please announce your affiliation and then post your question.
Robert Wertheimer -- Melius -- Analyst
It's [inaudible] research and thank you. I had the questions really on dealer inventory. The simple question is just, do you feel like dealers have the right inventory? Is it too high overall? Is too low overall? Maybe a structural question, if you would just give us a look under the hood. I mean, a year or so ago, your dealers probably didn't know that you could execute as well as you have into a sharp up-cycle in a lot of end markets. So, I wonder how your dealers are feeling about the responsiveness of your production system and what that means for smoothness in this system overall?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Rob, I'll start that. When you look at dealer inventory, we have been able to add a little over of $1 billion in dealer inventory. Most of that in construction industries through the first half of the year to support what our higher demand levels. Even with that, where we target with the dealers for dealer inventory, we're at the low end of our month of sales range.
So, I'm sure that there are pockets where dealers would like to have some more inventory. We continue to work with them there but I think broadly we are within that range. We feel good about that, ultimately that is the dealers decision. We are seeing as we continue to talk about really strong demand, our facilities continue to ramp production to keep up with customer demand. But overall, I'd say when we look at where dealer inventory is, we're very pleased with our ability to increase that through the first half of this year and at the level it is in terms of total months of sales. Does that answer your question?
Robert Wertheimer -- Melius -- Analyst
It does. Thank you.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Mike Shlisky. Please announce your affiliation, then pose your question.
Mike Shlisky -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Good morning, it's Seaport Global. So, I wanted to ask about rail. I know you said in your slide that that market on the new side is still pretty slow to recover, I did also know in your comments that there were some stronger order trends. So, can you give us a sense as to whether you already see given the order trend a clear path toward your locomotive recovery over the next couple of quarters, or any kind of sense as to the timing as to whether that might get better?
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
At go we've talked about it, we've seen certain indicators, some on our services and that has improved. New locomotives in North America has been slow but some of the leading indicators there are the number of stored locomotives is reducing, which it is, that tends to be a positive sign or leading indicator. So again, we think that the signs are positive and we are seeing as I mentioned also in prepared remarks, we are seeing orders for locomotive rebuilds. So, that is also another positive sign that activity is picking up.
Mike Shlisky -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Okay and then just secondly as a follow up on that, if you do start to see some more new builds of locomotives, is there any kind of major mix shift we should be thinking about if that would happen as far as the overall entry margins?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
I think when you look at that ENT business, it is such a diversified business that they're always lots of puts and takes. If you look at where their operating margins have been delivering, they tend to be pretty consistent, sometimes a little lumpy based on some significant deliveries but that is a very diversified portfolio. I don't think it's really all that significant to put any too much focus on a particular piece of it. They'll see lots of movements in any quarter.
Mike Shlisky -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Jerry Revich. Please announce your affiliation, then pose your question.
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Yes, hi good morning, it's Goldman Sachs.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Hi Jerry.
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
I'm wondering if you could talk about why pricing turned negative in construction industries for you folks this quarter, given where lead times are, input cost inflation is just surprising to see the negative price realization, maybe you could give us some context on what drove that. Earlier, you folks mentioned that price cost for the company should be neutral to positive and 19, does that apply for construction industry specifically?
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Yes. For the first Jerry, like you said, construction industries is competing in a very competitive market that said we're very pleased with their operating margins in the quarter or they had record quarterly operating profit and they continue to be focused on growth.
Some of the confusion, I think if we step back and clarify it a little bit, and I talked about this a little bit with Joe or Jay, is there is a bit of a time lag. So, construction industries sales variances are often given at the time or given after the time of sale to customer. Their post-sale sales variances and so there can be a delay from when we ship a product to the dealer and then when we drew up all of those sales variances to the customer.
So, that's a piece of it and that the process of that working through the system will give us some lag into the back half of the year, we'll start to see price realization turn positive in the fourth quarter. I also think if you step back and you look at where second and third quarter price realization was for construction industries last year it was very very favorable, and so they're coming off of extremely favorable comps from a year ago. On the price cost, I think we said price costs would be favorable in the 2019. I think to clarify that we haven't given any 2019 guidance but as we step back and look at price assumption and material cost assumptions, we do expect them to be favorable both for the full year and in the second half. I think that answers your question.
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Yeah. Thank you Amy. Then, you folks are laid out on slide 12, your margin performance has been really strong early in the cycle. As we think about the operating execute plan across the enterprise, how much of a benefit is in the run-rate results that we're seeing now versus what's in front of us. Can we just discuss that conceptually?
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
So, just making sure I understand the question. So, slide 12 is all historic performance. So the common there's trailing-12-month back in July of last year. So, can you clarify question on.
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Sure. So, you're at the high end or above your mid-cycle margin targets across the segments at sales levels that are in line to below mid-cycle. So, clearly the margin performance has been really strong so far in the cycle, so as we think about the operate and execute plan, it clearly a big driver of the benefit so far. How big is the opportunity that's in front of us as you folks look at those plans across the enterprise?
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, like Tim said, I think the way we would think about that is we're always trying to improve part of the strategy and operational excellence and if the sales were to continue to go higher, we would also look to try to have a little more operating leverage but the heart of the LME model is trying to grow our business profitably. So, we're really focused on also growing. At the same time, there's no one answer there to the balance, but we try to keep in check growth versus the margin side of things. But we're really happy with where we're at right now and feel good about where we're heading.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Just to clarify Jerry, because I think there is a fair bit of confusion sometimes about those Investor Day Sales ranges. We did not call those mid-cycle sales ranges, we called those achievable sales levels and so we weren't calling or declaring the cycle and I think that is causing some confusion about where we are today and we wanted to talk to that on slide 11, but I do want to just kind of reiterate the Investor Day was not intended to be operating margins at mid-cycle. It was just a reference and achievable sales level that we'd achieved in the past that we thought could be reasonably achieved in the future. So, I just wanted to clarify that point.
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Thank you.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
All right with that, I think that's going to have to be our last question.
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Well thanks Joe and Amy and thanks to all of you for all your questions. Just to summarize quickly here. We had a great quarter. We're implementing our strategy and it is working and we're very proud of our global team's performance. We feel good about our business and the state of our markets and we're very pleased to have been able to raise the outlook and we look forward to talking to all of you next quarter. Thank you for your time. Thank you.
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
With that, I think we'll end the call.
Operator
Thank you ladies and gentlemen. This does conclude today's conference call. You may disconnect your phone lines at this time and have a wonderful day. Thank you for your participation.
Duration: 60 minutes
Call participants:
Amy Campbell -- Director of Investor Relations
Jim Umpleby -- Chief Executive Officer
Joe Creed -- Interim Chief Financial Officer
Andrew Casey -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Joe O'Dea -- Vertical Research -- Analyst
Stephen Volkmann -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Ann Duignan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
David Raso -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Joel Tiss -- Bank of Montreal -- Analyst
Jamie Cook -- Credit Suisse Securities -- Analyst
Robert Wertheimer -- Melius -- Analyst
Mike Shlisky -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Jerry Revich -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
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