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Sunstone Hotel Investors Inc (SHO 1.25%)
Q2Â 2019 Earnings Call
Aug. 02, 2019, 12:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Sunstone Hotel Investors Second Quarter 2019 Earnings Call. At this time all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session and instructions will be given at that time. I would like to remind everyone that this conference is being recorded today, August 2, 2019, at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time. I will now turn the presentation over to Aaron Reyes, Vice President of Corporate Finance. Please go ahead.
Aaron Reyes -- Vice President-Corporate Finance and Treasurer
Thank you, Paula, and good morning, everyone. By now, you should have all received a copy of our second quarter earnings release and supplemental, which were made available yesterday. If you do not yet have a copy, you can access them on our website.
Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that this call contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described in our prospectuses, 10-Qs, 10-Ks and other filings with the SEC, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. We caution you to consider these factors in evaluating our forward-looking statements.
We also note that this call may contain non-GAAP financial information, including adjusted EBITDA, adjusted FFO and hotel-adjusted EBITDA margins. We are providing that information as a supplement to information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
With us on the call today are John Arabia, President and Chief Executive Officer; Bryan Giglia, Chief Financial Officer; Robert Springer, Chief Investment Officer; and Marc Hoffman, Chief Operating Officer. After our remarks, we will be available to answer your questions.
With that, I would like to turn the call over to John. Please go ahead.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Aaron. And good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us this morning. I'll start the call with a review of our second quarter operating results as well as an update on the current operating environment. I will then provide an update on some of the value-creation projects that continue to provide meaningful revenue and earnings growth for our portfolio, as well as an overview of recently completed projects that are expected to add to our results in the near term.
Next, I'll discuss our thoughts on the transaction market and our approach to capital allocation, including our recent share repurchase activity. Afterwards, Bryan will recap our balance sheet strength and provide the specifics on our updated guidance related to third quarter and full year 2019 earnings.
To begin, we were pleased with our operating results and earnings for the second quarter, as we were able to offset operating challenges in a few markets with the benefits stemming from our attractive market concentrations, our successful renovation activities completed in previous years and various asset management initiatives that continue to produce outsized revenue growth and operating efficiencies. Second quarter comparable portfolio RevPAR increased a better-than-expected 2.1% over the prior year and comparable portfolio of total revenue increased a strong 3.4%.
Our topline growth was driven by a nearly 3.5% increase in transient room nights, which more than offset what we expected to be a soft quarter for group business. Furthermore, our total revenue growth was aided by respectable room rate growth in both group and transient segments, a 5% growth in food and beverage revenues and a 12% increase in other ancillary property-level revenues.
Solid total revenue growth resulted in property-level EBITDA increase of 2.6% in the second quarter despite continued cost pressures in wages and benefits, real estate taxes and insurance costs. So let's dig a little deeper into the details of the quarterly operating results. Our second quarter results were negatively impacted by renovation activity in Baltimore and San Diego, and either general market weakness or soft citywide calendars in Chicago, Washington DC and New York City. That said, we benefited from market growth in San Francisco in Wailea, better-than-expected market growth in Boston and benefited from our recent capital improvements in Marriott Boston Long Wharf, JW Marriott New Orleans and Boston Park Plaza.
Because of these investments, several of our hotels drove meaningful index gains and delivered the results well in excess of market growth. I'll talk further about the early results of these recently completed renovations in just a moment.
Moving on to food and beverages revenues, despite an anticipated 3% decline in group room nights, group food and beverage and audiovisual spend per occupied group room came in at a healthy $187 per group room night, increasing nearly 9% over last year. To put that number in perspective, our second quarter 2015 group out-of-room spend was $146 on a same-store basis. This represents a healthy 5% compound annual growth rate and is a direct result of our targeted investment in several of our hotels, including those in Wailea, Boston, Orlando and San Francisco. While recent transient bookings for future periods moderated in July, our recent group bookings witnessed a notable uptick.
During the second quarter, we booked 315,000 group room nights for 2019 and future years. This represents a 14% increase in group bookings over the second quarter of last year, and 3% more room nights than booked on average during the second quarter of the last five years. Our 2019 group pace for the full year remained generally steady over the quarter and is up slightly for the full year. While we will not provide 2020 booking pace until later this year, better-than-average booking production combined with strong citywide calendars in many of our larger markets should position our portfolio for a favorable 2020.
Turning now to expenses. We experienced decreases in group and transient commissions and loyalty program assessments during the quarter. However, wages increased by over 4% in the quarter, slightly offset by an improvement in productivity, and we experienced higher-than-anticipated property insurance costs from our insurance renewal, which happened in late June. Annual property insurance premiums increased by approximately 50%, driven by increased rates in wind and earthquake zones and impacted our second quarter earnings by only a couple of days but were pressure margins by roughly 20 basis points in the second half of 2019.
Given the higher-than-anticipated revenues, comparable portfolio EBITDA exceeded our expectations. And when coupled with lower-than-anticipated corporate expenses and higher interest income, resulted in adjusted EBITDA and adjusted FFO per diluted share that exceeded the high end of our most recent guidance. Notably, our adjusted FFO per diluted share of $0.36 exceeded our previously provided guidance range of $0.32 to $0.34. This figure represents a 5.9% increase in adjusted FFO per diluted share on a same-store basis. Looking forward, our expectations for various markets have fluctuated, some better, some worst. And the very recent moderation in forward transient bookings leaves us with a bit more cautious outlook for the remainder of the year.
As a result, we have increased our full year earnings outlook by roughly half of the amount of our second quarter earnings beat. Bryan will get into those details in our updated guidance in just a moment. Before we move on to capital allocation, I want to highlight the sizable impact our renovation and repositioning investments have made in driving superior results and profitability at several of our more meaningful assets.
Specifically, we have taken underperforming assets, invested capital and transformed the properties to offer far more compelling and attractive experiences, improve the composition of demand and most importantly, materially increase the profitability and value of these assets. We'll highlight just a few of these projects and their impact solely on group demand and revenues. When we acquired Boston Park Plaza in 2013, it captured 98,000 group room nights at an average group rate of a $185, and the average group out-of-room spend of $112 for total group revenue contribution of $297 per group room.
This year, a few years post completing its repositioning, the hotel is forecasted to achieve 104,000 group room nights at an average rate of $242, at an average group out-of-spend of $180 for combined group revenues of $422. This represents an increase of over 42% in total group-related revenues per group room night in just a few short years.
We recognize is that we acquired the hotel at the right time and there has been market growth over the years. That said, during that time period, we materially increased our group RevPAR index; increased group room nights by 6.5%; increased group rates by a compound annual growth rate of 4%; and increased group out-of-room spend by a compound annual growth rate of 7%.
Similarly, since we acquired the Hyatt Embarcadero in 2013, and subsequently completed the hotel's renovation in 2015, group room nights have increased by 3.7%; group rate increased by compound annual growth rate of 4.3%; and group out-of-room spend has increased by a compound annual growth rate of 4%.
Finally, at our most meaningful transformation in the Wailea Beach Resort, we took out the hotel that incentive groups would not even consider and transformed it into a highly desirable destination. There was able to compete with the ultrahigh-end Wailea hotels. Since acquiring the hotel in 2014, we've increased our group room nights by 42%; group rate has increased by compound annual growth rate of nearly 7%; and group out-of-room spend increased by a compound annual growth rate of almost 8%.
The repositioning of this hotel has not only shifted the profile of the customer to higher paying guest but has increased our total group-related revenues per group room night by over 50% over five short years. Given the success we've had at Wailea Beach Resort, not only with group demand but also with transient, our 2019 NOI yield on this repositioned investment is approximately 10%.
But why talk about all these results if these renovations were completed several years ago? Well, simple, in order to highlight our track record of creating value through the acquisition of Long-Term Relevant Real Estate at reasonable prices and repositioning the assets to maximize their long-term earnings power and value, it is these results that give us the confidence that our recently completed investments in Orlando, Boston and New Orleans, while smaller in size of total dollars, will deliver outsized growth and market share regardless of market dynamics.
And the early results for these investments are very positive. For example, in Orlando, where we added a spectacular new ballroom and several new breakout rooms earlier this year, our initial results are great and meeting our underwriting expectations. Our 2020 group pace at the hotel is at double-digits and current rooms on the books are up nearly 16,000 room nights higher than our five-year historic average at notably higher rates.
The meeting space has not only increased our group business, but it has resulted in higher transient rates as well. That is, by filling the building with a higher number of group rooms, which not only come in at a higher room rate than transient but also spend more outside the room, we've been able to shrink the number of transient rooms needed and meaningfully compress the transient rate.
Similarly, following extensive rooms renovation in 2018, the JW New Orleans has gained significant index against a competitive set. Year-to-date through June, the hotel has achieved a RevPAR index over 125, which is the highest on record and up over 5 points from our pre-renovation models. We're pleased with the early results from our 2018 renovations and expansions. We're in the process of mining our portfolio for incremental value-enhancing investments that we'll be able to talk about in more detail in the future.
Before I turn the call over to Bryan, let's talk a bit about the current investment environment and our recent capital allocation transactions.
Similar to my commentary in the last few calls, we continue to struggle with the sellers' pricing expectations for Long-Term Relevant Real Estate. While pricing expectations from sellers may have come in a bit, current asking price is still equate to cap rates well below the levels we're comfortable transacting at, especially given the length and health of the current cycle.
In 2018, the last time we raised additional equity, we believe that there are a couple of deals that we had a good probability of acquiring. It turned out that we were outbid in the bidding process or pricing exceeded our comfort level and we elected to pass on the transactions. Throughout this year, we have continued to underwrite hotel acquisitions. But given current elevated valuation expectations and the implied valuation of our stock, we felt it made more sense to return to shareholders the capital we raised last year through share repurchase.
In June of 2018, we raised approximately $45 million to the issuance on our ATM at an average price of $17.42 per share, which at the time was a premium to consensus NAV.
Through the end of July, we repurchased $50 million of common stock at an average price of $13.22 per share, basically reversing the share issuance completed in the second quarter of 2018. While we've recently had limited enthusiasm buying quality hotels in the 3.5% to 5% fully loaded cap rate range, we were happy to make a notable investment with a portion of our ample liquidity in our own quality portfolio at a high 7% cap rate.
Due to repurchases, we'll depend on our share price relative to our long-term view on NAV, our cash on hand, our pipeline of investment alternatives and expectations for additional asset sales. In the meantime, we expect to continue to underwrite new hotel acquisitions and remain hopeful that in time, we will be able to find the right hotel acquisitions that create value. However, given the disconnect between public and private market pricing for quality hotel real estate, we remain closer today to investing back into our high-quality portfolio through share repurchase than acquiring additional hotels.
With that, I'll turn the call over to Bryan. Bryan, please go ahead.
Bryan A. Giglia -- Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. We ended the second quarter with significant financial liquidity, including more than $740 million of total unrestricted cash and an undrawn $500 million revolving credit facility. We have approximately $1.2 billion of consolidated debt and preferred securities outstanding, and our current in-place debt has a weighted average term to maturity of approximately 4.6 years, and a weighted average interest rate of 4.2%.
Our variable rate debt as a percentage of total debt stands at 23% and 43% of our debt is unsecured. We have 16 unencumbered hotels that collectively generated approximately $235 million of EBITDA over the trailing 12-month period, and nearly 69% of our EBITDA is unencumbered.
Now turning to third quarter and full-year 2019 guidance. A full reconciliation can be found in our supplemental and in our earnings release. 2019 guidance does not assume any additional share repurchases, nor does it include the impact of any asset sales or acquisitions. Third quarter and full year guidance do include a moderation in transient demand, as well as approximately $800,000 of incremental property insurance expense related to our June 2019 renewal.
For the third quarter, we expect total portfolio RevPAR growth to range from down 0.5% to up 1.5%. We expect third quarter adjusted EBITDA to be between $79 million and $82 million, and adjusted FFO per diluted share to be between $0.27 and $0.29. For the full year, we carried forward a portion of our second quarter beat, while maintaining some caution for the remainder of the year. We tightened the range of our total portfolio of RevPAR growth and now expect it to range from up 0.75% to up 2.75%.
We also increased the midpoint of our full-year 2019 adjusted EBITDA guidance by $2 million to range from $312 million to $324 million, and increased our full year adjusted FFO per diluted share by $0.02 to range from $1.07 to $1.13. Finally, this guidance does not reflect the incremental future earnings potential that would result from the deployment of our meaningful cash balance.
Now turning to our dividends. Our Board of Directors have declared a $0.05 per common share dividend for the third quarter. Consistent with our practice in prior years, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock throughout 2019 and to the extent that the regular quarterly common dividend does not satisfy our annual distribution requirements, we would expect to pay a catch-up dividend in early 2020 that would generally be equal to the remaining taxable income. In addition to the common dividend, our Board has also approved the routine quarterly distributions for both outstanding series of our preferred securities.
With that, I'd like to now open the call to questions. Paula, please go ahead.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And first, we'll go to Anthony Powell with Barclays.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Hi, good morning, guys. A lot of good detail on the out of...
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Good morning.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Good morning. A lot of good detail on the out-of-room spend. Could you maybe give us some detail on typically, when is that out-of-room spend contracted with the meeting planners? How has that changed, I guess, over the past few months as corporate confidence has waned a bit? And what are you projecting for that part of the business going forward?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
So far, Anthony, we haven't seen any changes in that business. As you know, we've seen material strength in that portion of the business as meeting planners and groups have actually bought up, as the timing of the group gets closer to the day of arrival. So we have not seen any change in that so far. And it's really driven our profitability pretty well.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thanks. And on the share repurchase, you mentioned that you've essentially match funded this year's purchase with last year's equity offerings. How can we -- what should we be looking forward at a signal that you're going to be likely buying back stock? Is it a certain EBITDA multiple or cap rate? Or how should we be forecasting that?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Anthony, as a company practice, we don't comment on future investments, including the parameters of future share repurchase. So quite honestly, I wouldn't expect any specific signal from us about when or how the share repurchases will come in. But I would like to highlight that given our significant cash position or significant liquidity or incredibly low leverage level, that we have significant capacity to invest in our own portfolio no matter what happens with the economy. I know that there's been some concern about our balance sheet of late and just how much liquidity we have. Quite honestly, it feels very good right now. And I think it's actually a significant advantage we have going forward.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Moving on, we'll go to Michael Bellisario with Baird.
Michael Bellisario -- Baird -- Analyst
Good morning, gentlemen.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Mike.
Michael Bellisario -- Baird -- Analyst
Just aside from the stock price being down a bit over the last few months, anything else changed in your buyback calculation that got you more comfortable to pull the trigger now?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
As I said in our prepared remarks, I thought it was just a worthwhile endeavor to reverse the ATM issue, and so we did at $17.42. We clearly don't need all of the cash. And I thought it was prudent to return some portion of our cash to our investors. We ended up buying back at $4-plus lower than where we issued, and that was about it.
Michael Bellisario -- Baird -- Analyst
And then just on your transient bookings. I know you said that pace was down a little bit, at least bookings were down for future periods. Any particular markets or segments or price points that you're seeing more or less weakness in?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. As I think some of our peers have mentioned, in July, we just saw relatively broad-base decline in forward bookings for all future periods. It was fairly broad-based, Mike. And as a result of that, we ended up moderating our guidance for the second half of the year, in addition to the property insurance renewal that Bryan had touched on. This is similar. We saw a little bit of this -- there's been sporadic bookings this year, which is by the way, it's fairly normal. We saw something similar in April. We saw something similar in kind of parts of November and December of last year. And then both times, in the months following, we actually saw an uptick. So we have layered in a bit of conservatism, which I think is warranted given what we saw in July. But I would also say, one month doesn't necessarily make a trend. So we're going to be very focused on this going forward and see where it goes.
Michael Bellisario -- Baird -- Analyst
That's helpful. Thank you.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from Chris Woronka with Deutsche Bank.
Chris Woronka -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hey, good morning guys.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Chris.
Chris Woronka -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. I want to ask you, John, you talked about kind of a reason -- one of the reasons you don't acquire right now is just kind of a gap in pricing expectations. Do you think that's more a function of how you guys are underwriting the out-years? Or just purely a function of seller expectations on the cap rate?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
It's a great question, Chris. As we've always done, we underwrite with downturns in our pro forma, which, I think, if you believe, we are later cycle and none of us know. But if you believe we're later cycle, I think makes us a bit less competitive. Never say never because we could find our right spot. But I think that makes us a bit less competitive in the bidding term. Our private equity, I believe, will generally lever up more than many of us.
And so I think they have a competitive advantage right now with the cost of debt. Also, I think there are certain sellers that see what the deck quotes are. And refinancing, as we've been talking about for probably, Robert, maybe four to six quarters, we've -- part of what we're competing with is a refi. Would you agree with that?
Robert C. Springer -- Executive Vice President & Chief Investment Officer
Yes, absolutely. Refinancing has definitely become a viable competitive to a straight on sale for several deals that we looked at.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Chris, we'll see what -- we'll see if some of the pricing expectations by sellers are actually met. So far, we've seen a couple of transactions that I don't know if there's another buyer on that side or what the buyer -- how long -- how far the buyer is willing to go in price. So we'll see. There's a little bit of price discovery, I think, needs to be done out there.
Chris Woronka -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay. Very helpful. And then, second question was just kind of, you guys have I think done a fantastic job on some of the bigger repositionings, Boston Wailea with -- and you've gotten a lot of market share gains. I guess, in your experience, how long does that kind of tail last on market share? I know it's hard to know and the market's changed a little bit and supply can come in. But is there any kind of rule where -- general rule where after certain time, you just get a step-down function in the market share?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Eventually. But it really depends on the hotel, the type of hotel and the type of customer. I'll turn it over to Marc in a second. But effectively, if you're looking at a purely transient hotel that people get -- people understand what the renovation is, I think you see that impact more quickly. But at some place like Wailea, where you're going after incentive groups and it takes a couple of years to get in that cycle, so to speak, the burning is going to take a while, and the benefits of that, therefore, will take a while.
When you take a look at our second quarter RevPAR growth in Wailea, not only as our market growth but we continue to gain index. And that's one where, as we continue to invest in the property we work with our great operating partners at Marriott to continue to maintain and increase service levels, which they're doing a great job at. We think that the best days of that asset are actually in front of us, not behind us. So it really depends. Marc, anything?
Marc A. Hoffman -- Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer
Yes. I think John, that's accurate -- completely accurate. And along with just to piggyback on one thing, it really depends upon the owner's commitment, which ours is huge to elongating what we did. So we are constantly focused -- maniacally focused on keeping the positioning of Wailea, Boston, San Francisco and anything else we renovate, at the level we renovate it moving forward because we believe the customer demand is based upon that. And so we think we get long trails on these.
Chris Woronka -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay. Very helpful. Thanks, guys.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Chris.
Operator
And next, we'll go to Smedes Rose with Citi.
Smedes Rose -- Citi -- Analyst
Hi, thank you. I just wanted to ask you on Wailea. Is it still a story about kind of closing the gap to some of the nearby properties that you had talked about some time ago? Or is it more now about mix change and getting the -- you talked about significantly improving the group there, is that something where there's more upside? Or how do you just think about the growth, I guess, going forward at Wailea, which has been so strong?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. No. As we were just mentioning, we still believe that there is a little bit of room to close a gap and index there. Our group numbers, as went over in the prepared remarks, were -- have been incredibly strong. We look good going forward in that regard. So let's say it's a mixture of both. Now keep in mind, that is a very, very strong comp set, including the four seasons, Wailea, which is arguably one of the best resorts in Hawaii and probably has a rate well over $1,000 a night. I don't think anybody should have any expectations that we will ever reach those levels. But remember, financial success for us wasn't reaching those levels. Financial success for us was closing the gap a bit. And by the way, we've already done that significantly and actually materially outperformed our underwriting expectations.
Smedes Rose -- Citi -- Analyst
Thank you. And then I just want to ask you, is there anything on the cost side that you are seeing that's different? I mean you mentioned insurance costs are higher, but anything on just real -- I guess primarily labor? Then also maybe real state taxes and some of the other costs in the system as you look at over the next several quarters, any changes there?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
No real changes there. The only real change is the insurance -- property insurance, which Bryan highlighted, which added probably another $800,000 to back half of the year, which ended up taking down our guidance a little bit as well. That was a really big wildcard considering all the catastrophic claims that have occurred over the past couple of years, and quite honestly our insurance partners losing a lot of money. I can see why they have pushed pricing on capacity the way that they have.
But in terms of labor, labor and benefits, which were obviously increasing fairly meaningfully, we had set 4% -- roughly 4% in the quarter. Those are all coming in as anticipated. We've been talking about increased wage and benefits now for probably a better portion of the year-and-a-half years to two years. And so no expectations there, but they are increasing higher than inflation, so to speak.
Smedes Rose -- Citi -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Smedes.
Operator
Our next question will come from Rich Hightower with Evercore ISI.
Rich Hightower -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Hey, good morning out there, guys.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Rich.
Rich Hightower -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
John, I'm going to ask the buyback question in the -- one of a dozen ways it could be asked. But I think -- you were an analyst once. I think a lot of us on this call like that about you and appreciate that about you, you think like an analyst. So it's a very good thing. So I want to ask, in the context of the, I guess, the 13 and change average basis in the buyback, what is the appropriate comparison? Because you referenced where the Company issued ATM equity last year. There's also a comparison against private market NAVs, which from time-to-time are disconnected from Street NAVs. And if you look at Street NAVs, many of those seem to be going down lately maybe not for Sunstone but certainly for some of your peers at least. And so how do we stack that up in the context of the sort of many comparisons that may or may not be appropriate?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Well, hopefully, the Street NAVs and private market NAVs are the same. But when you take a look at some of the assets we've been chasing, as I mentioned, may be as low as a 3.5% cap rate pricing expectation to most of [Indecipherable] property tax resets and the like, you're probably talking high 4s to just over 5%. I think a couple of assets have been acquired, maybe a little bit higher than that once you get into the real fully big number. But when you talk about our investment in our own portfolio, we're talking about probably a cap rate where we acquired at 13.25% in the very high 7s, call it 7.75%, 7.8% [Phonetic] somewhere in that, and for $50 million of incremental capacity particularly where we raised it, that just look like a good investment on us.
Clearly, it doesn't mean that NAVs can't fluctuate. NAVs will fluctuate over time. I would anticipate that NAVs potentially come down and come down and come down may be even meaningfully if a recession occurs. But if that is the case, not only is our leverage profile incredibly attractive but we have ways, in my opinion, to make money. And so if we've taken the defense to toss off the table and also have the ability to navigate almost any type of environment, I think we're in a very good position.
Rich Hightower -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Got it. I appreciate the color there, John. And then maybe -- this maybe a little tougher question to answer. But given the concentration in a handful of assets in Sunstone's portfolio but when -- when you're seeing maybe a little bit of slippage in the transient bookings over the back half of the year, what industry groups, what markets, what assets would that most apply to? Are there any themes to pick up from that?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Rich, not that we've seen. We're continuing to look but it was fairly broad-based. Now keep in mind folks that month-to-month transient bookings are buyable. In some months -- I'm taking a look now, in some weeks, earlier this year, our transient volumes spiked up 20%, 30%, 40%. In July, most of the weeks were down mid-single-digits. So we will see if one month data actually makes a trend. We're focused on it. Obviously, we reduced our second half earnings in part because of it, but we have seen this before. And so far we haven't seen it at least in terms of second quarter group production. So a fair number of ebbs and flows right now.
Rich Hightower -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks, John.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Rich.
Operator
And next we'll go to David Katz with Jefferies.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi, good morning, everyone.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, David.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hey, I wanted to just talk about the underwriting for acquisitions and projects at this point. Has your ROI perspective changed, say, the past 30 to 90 days?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Not in the past 30 to 90 days, I would say over the past -- if you really go back, I would say, over the past five, six years, as overall interest rates have declined, I think pricing -- excuse me, return expectations, not just on hotels, not just on real estate but it seems like on most asset classes return expectations continue to dwindle. I'll leave that up to all the smart people on the phone to figure out exactly why that is. But we've -- over the past several years or over the cycle, we've moderated our underwriting return expectations a bit. So going back to maybe seven, eight years ago. But nothing at all in the past 30, 60, 90 days.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
I guess if I can come straight at you and be a bit more direct, have you become progressively more or less conservative as this year has gone on? Or is it the same?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
In terms of underwriting or in terms of operational amounts?
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Yes. Yes. Underwriting.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Both? Underwriting?
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Underwriting.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
I don't think our underwriting has changed. I mean in some of the underwriting -- some of the assets we've looked at, we've been probably a bit more cautious on the second half of the year when it comes to certain hotels being able to hit their forecast. But no, I wouldn't say that our underwriting approach, which is done by both Robert and Marc and their teams and look at things incredibly closely, I don't think our underwriting has changed at all.
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Okay, thank you very much. Well done, nice quarter.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. Thanks, David.
Operator
And next we'll go to Stephen Grambling with Goldman Sachs.
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Thanks for taking the question. Maybe just a bit of a follow-up to that. But it seems like there's a widening disconnect between some of the assets you're targeting that 3% or 5% cap rate and then the, call it, everything else even as interest rates are coming down. So what do you think changes that dynamic or makes you become an advantaged buyer in the market? And in the meantime, would you consider looking at other types of assets that are maybe being overlooked whether there's more of a supply and balance relative to demand for the assets?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I agree with -- please -- most of our commentary on pricing is really related to long term relative real estate assets. We do not traffic at least on the buy side in terms of the more commodity assets which I agree with you Stephen, as we're -- that's a different level of cap rates and we've seen cap rates in -- from the 6.5s all the way up to the 9s, quite honestly. We still have a few hotels like that but quite honestly, most of our portfolio I put into the LTRR category in terms of pricing. So would we shift strategy and move away from LTRR in the more commodity assets because of higher cap rates? No.
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Maybe I'll ask another way. Is there a way to -- is the definition for LTRR assets evolving or as may be the labor force is evolving, are you finding that there's a different level of demand for places that may be you haven't looked before?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
No. I don't think so. No.
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Okay. Fair enough. Maybe one another follow-up. Just on the Bonvoy relaunch in the quarter with Marriott, did you see any notable impact or difference between those assets versus the rest of the asset as that relaunch was taking place? I know there's some choppiness that happened at the end of last year and beginning of this year.
Marc A. Hoffman -- Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer
This is Marc Hoffman. We've been very pleased overall with the complete relaunch. We don't own any Starwood -- original Starwood hotels. And our Marriott hotels have done well and in particular, the way Marriott rolled out the program in the redemption hotels.
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Great. Thanks so much.
Operator
And moving on we'll go to Dany Asad with Bank of America.
Dany Asad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hey, good morning, guys. Just to add...
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Dany.
Dany Asad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hey. Just to add another question on the transaction environment and your underwriting, so at the margin what is the type of buyer that's ultimately pricing you out for your specific type of assets?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Private equity -- both the large private equity and maybe some of the smaller hotel-centric private equity. They have been more active in terms of actually acquiring and getting deals done, at least what we've seen here over the past couple of quarters. And as Robert had mentioned, a refinancing seems to be also in the mix.
Dany Asad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay. And just as a follow-up, so Summit on Wednesday announced that they are entering a JV partnership with GIC. And in theory that's one way to juice your IRs. And so is that something that, A, could be interesting to you? Or how do generally think about JVs as a way to add to your long-term relevant real estate portfolio?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
That's an interesting question. I think it's something that we generally have an aversion to JVs. But if the right situation came up with the exact right partner and a right structure, could we consider it? Sure, we would consider it.
Dany Asad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay. That's it from me. Thanks.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Dan.
Operator
And next we'll go to Anthony Powell with Barclays.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Hi, just one follow-up from me. A lot of the buyers usually have been private equity, using lot of leverage. Obviously, for you, CapEx has been a big story about your ability to grow RevPAR. Do you think these new buyers will be able to do the type of renovations you've been doing recently? And could that give you an advantage over the next two years as you continue to reinvest in your portfolio?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
I don't know if I fully understand the question, Anthony.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Just in terms of maybe -- in terms of RevPAR growth outperformance of newer hotels that are renovated and do you think your ability to reinvest in your portfolio will give you an advantage over, let's say, other buyers who maybe more cash trapped in a downturn or less robust environment?
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Well, clearly, the latter part of your question is true. If I'm interpreting the question right, there's a couple of markets we see. For example, like Wailea, we expect our friends next door to Grand Wailea to go under a pretty heavy knife here in the next year or two depending on their plans. And we believe that can only lift that market. There'll be some disruption that they have, which will be a benefit of. But longer term, the more that we -- the more that people invest in that market, I think the higher the rates go and we all benefit. And it just continues to become a world-class destination.
In terms of our abilities to allocate capital, look, I think as I mentioned on our prepared remarks, we have a track record of creating value by buying LTRR-type assets, complicated assets, ones that have been undercapitalized and need a new life, so to speak.
And we -- our most successful investments have been a fairly meaningful repositionings, and I think it's something our team does incredibly well. It doesn't mean that we can't have a good investment, buying something that is more stabilized but we have a lot of different abilities to drive that value. And if in a downturn we can find something or at any time if we can find something that we believe that can add to and it's great LTRR, that's right down in the middle of fairway for us, even with some disruption short term, that's something that we can easily do.
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. Thanks.
Operator
And we will conclude our question-and-answer session at this time. I'd like to turn to back to Mr. John Arabia for any additional or closing comments.
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you everybody for joining us today. I hope you have a wonderful rest of your summer and thank you very much. Take care.
Operator
And that does conclude today's conference. We'd like to thank everyone for their participation. You may now disconnect.
Duration: 48 minutes
Call participants:
Aaron Reyes -- Vice President-Corporate Finance and Treasurer
John V. Arabia -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Bryan A. Giglia -- Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Anthony Powell -- Barclays -- Analyst
Michael Bellisario -- Baird -- Analyst
Chris Woronka -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Robert C. Springer -- Executive Vice President & Chief Investment Officer
Marc A. Hoffman -- Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer
Smedes Rose -- Citi -- Analyst
Rich Hightower -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
David Katz -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Dany Asad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
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