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ShotSpotter, Inc. (SSTI -0.45%)
Q2Â 2019 Earnings Call
Aug. 06, 2019, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good afternoon, and welcome to ShotSpotter's Second Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Chantele, and I'll be your operator for today's call. Joining us are ShotSpotter CEO, Ralph Clark; and CFO, Alan Stewart.
Please note that certain information discussed on the call today will include forward-looking statements about future events and ShotSpotter's business strategy and future financial and operating performance. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and may cause the actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied by those statements. Certain of these risks and assumptions are discussed in ShotSpotter's SEC filings, including its registration statement on Form S-1. These forward-looking statements reflect management's beliefs, estimates and predictions as of the date of this live broadcast, August 6th, 2019. And ShotSpotter undertakes no obligations to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this call.
Finally, I would like to remind everyone this call will be recorded and made available for replay via a link available in the Investor Relations section of the company's website at ir.shotspotter.com.
Now, I would like to turn the call over to ShotSpotter's CEO, Ralph Clark. Sir, Please go ahead.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you for joining us this afternoon. As usual, I'll start with an overview of our Q2 results and a general update on the business, then Alan will dive deeper into the numbers before we take your questions.
We're pleased with the progress in Q2 toward both our full-year and long-term strategic growth objectives. For the quarter, we posted record revenues of $10.3 million, which included some modest revenue from ShotSpotter Lab. We were also GAAP profitable in the second quarter earning $0.03 per share.
Despite that forward momentum, however, we are adjusting our full-year 2019 revenue guidance downward to $42 million to $44.5 million, while reiterating our guidance for full-year 2019 GAAP profitability. Alan and I will review the rational for the revenue adjustment later on in our prepared remarks. We went live with 25 square miles through an existing customer expansion in five new city captures. In only the first half of 2019, we deployed nine new cities compared to the 11 cities we added for all of 2018. These new city deployments reflect the excellent progress we've made in growing our Tier 2 and 3 city pipeline. Despite that forward momentum however, we are adjusting our full year 2019 revenue guidance downward to $42 million to $44.5 million, while reiterating our guidance for full year 2019 GAAP profitability.
Alan and I will review the rational for the revenue adjustment later on in our prepared remarks. We went live with 25 square miles through an existing customer expansion in five new city captures. In only the first half of 2019 we deployed nine new cities compared to the 11 cities we added for all of 2018. These new city deployments reflect the excellent progress we've made in growing our Tier 2 and 3 city pipeline. In addition to the 25 miles added in Q2, we've already gone live on another 17 square miles quarter to date here in Q3. Q2 city additions were Columbia, South Carolina, Lake Park and Tampa, Florida, Newport News Virginia and Toledo, Ohio. There's no attrition in the quarter. Although we anticipate we may have some minor attrition in the second half of this year, representing less than 1% of annual revenue.
As we have discussed, our domestic focus this year is expanding our penetration in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities. So we're very pleased that our efforts paying off. We're particularly excited about our first city capture in the state of Virginia, and with the continued penetration of our footprint in Ohio, which now totals five cities not including Dayton, which we just booked last week. Including Dayton would represent four new cities in Ohio in just the past 12 months. And although we were pretty excited last week about booking the Dayton contract, that excitement is given away to a deep sense of shocking grief given the tragic events over the weekend. Our thoughts and prayers go to the residents of Dayton, especially those who lost loved ones.
We do believe that this type of geographic clustering that we experienced Ohio and other regions reflects the word of mouth endorsement that is a key part of our expansion strategy. We find that police chiefs and city officials are all too happy to share solutions that produce positive results with their peers. We believe this network effect is a key revenue driver and a reason our customer acquisition costs remain low.
Our customers are seeing positive outcomes with our solutions. As publicly reported, Columbia, South Carolina went live April 18. And through July 1st, ShotSpotter alerted on 360 separate gunfire incidents, in which Columbia PD was able to recover 306 casings, entered 27 investigative leads into leads into NIBEN, made 21 arrest and take 30 guns off the street, six of which were stolen. This is just one example of the significant positive impact ShotSpotter can have. And as I just noted, our customers are talking about it over and over again.
While domestic Flex is an important contributor to our revenue, we also see very encouraging trends in diversification of our future revenue stream. We increasingly do our internal planning and assessment by looking at four sources of pipeline, bookings and revenue, represented by domestic Flex, international Flex, missions and other, which includes security, ShotSpotter Labs and professional services.
On the international front, we have submitted budgetary and price quotes for close to $5 million in annual recurring revenue in four key markets in Latin America. Unfortunately, even though we expect many of these proposals to be ultimately awarded with new customers and new markets, it is challenging to predict the specific timing of contract execution and project deployment. Our existing three year old customer in Cape Town, South Africa has publicly stated their intention to renew and expand ShotSpotter across more of the city. We expect their tender notice to be published very soon, although the timing is later than what we had been previously advised.
In summary, it is fair to say that ShotSpotter interest in international markets is actually exceeding our initial bookings expectations. But it's also true that is taking longer than we had originally expected to convert them in time to drive material revenue in 2019.
Domestically, we're encouraged to report progress on the $1.5 million RFP opportunity we highlighted in last quarter, where the original RFP was cancelled due to lack of competitive bids. That RFP was republished, and we have already resubmitted our proposal and are optimistic that an award will be shortly made. But again, the timing is uncertain. We still see a path to achieve a low end of our previous outlook if some of these opportunities convert in the next 30 plus days. But to be transparent and cautious, we're assuming that very little of this business closes in time to generate measurable revenue for this fiscal year.
Missions, is a newer part of our business, but we're equally excited by the market response we're seeing and look to book a handful of customers later this year. As public safety agencies increasingly pursue precision oriented policing strategies, we know there will be train to providers with the best and most actionable data and intelligence. We believe our mission service offering furthers our reputation for technological excellence, reliability and effectiveness. We're leveraging that reputation it is helping us to accelerate the mission's pipeline, and putting us in a position to get more share of wallet within our customer base.
In the other category, we recently through ShotSpotter Labs implemented Phase I of our Kruger Park deployment, which addresses the serious problem of rhino poaching. This deployment is critical not just for the important conservation impact that it has, but it also gives us inside into point ShotSpotter technology in rugged difficult environments. We are in effect getting paid to learn. We're pleased with how Labs is evolving and contributing to our growing body of innovation, while supporting important sustainability works. And when it comes to the reputation for superior technology, I want to stress that we're not resting on our laurels.
We continue to advance our already strong competitive position in the acoustic gunshot detection and surveillance space through continuous innovation. For example, our machine classification technology has exponentially increased with the adoption of sophisticated machine learning techniques combined with our vast and proprietary data set of acoustic gunshot signatures collected over 12 plus years. This is a critical asset who's value should not be underestimated, when evaluating our competitive mode. We've also been building out and internally focused toolset for our customer support and incident review center teams. These tools help them perform their duties faster and more accurately, thereby improving the overall customer experience. Think faster alerts, better location accuracy, and even fewer false positives and false negatives and even greater on scene context, as delivered by our mobile ILS or investigative lead summery report.
We're also providing more resiliency, flexibility, security and scalability to our rearchitecture within AWS. This is not your father's old mobile ShotSpotter, and although we will never take anything for granted, it's difficult to see how anyone could replicate and scale to meet our technology advantages without initially producing a subpar customer experience at great expense and risk. This combination of strong technological and market barriers to entry plus efficient successful execution is the heart of why we're so confident about the company's long-term profitable growth prospects.
Before I turn the call over to Alan, I want to quickly touch on our announcement last week on the privacy audit conducted by the Policing project at the NYU School of Law. There's an increasing amount of public discourse and the trade-off between privacy and public safety. At ShotSpotter, we take this conversation very seriously. In an order to take a leadership position in this area, we engage NYU to audit ShotSpotter's technology and independently weigh in on the potential frictions between appropriate surveillance and the positive public safety outcomes we help provide.
After a thorough and detailed analysis, the NYU Policing project at Pine that ShotSpotter Flex presents the extremely low risk of inappropriate voice surveillance. The study did make several recommendations as to how we can further reduce surveillance risk with our solution, many of these changes were already part of our roadmap, in other cases, we added the recommendations to our release plan. We're excited to take a leadership position in engaging in this important conversation about privacy and surveillance. So it's been another busy quarter for ShotSpotter.
Of course, we're very disappointed to be reducing our FY 2019 guidance again, but we expect that this is only a timing issue. We believe the pipeline and interest in our offering is only growing. More than ever, I feel that ShotSpotter is getting closer to becoming a standard of care for connecting law enforcement agencies to the communities they serve through data driven policing.
Now over to Alan.
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Ralph, and good afternoon, everyone. We made progress in Q2 on many of our objectives, including adding 25 new live miles, and recognizing both record revenues and income. With the 17 miles that have gone live since quarter end, we are making progress toward the 50 go-live miles in the 90 plus days that we highlighted on our last earnings call.
In Q2, we added five new cities generated initial revenues from ShotSpotter Labs and gained more traction in attracting the interest of new international customers. We're also very pleased that we were again profitable in Q2, while still increasing our investment in the business. We now expect to maintain profitability on a quarterly basis. As Ralph outlined, we're reducing our full year revenue outlook, due to the uncertainty on the timing of certain domestic contracts and the timing of new international client addition. We now expect revenues to be in the range of $42 million to $44.5 million.
To be clear, the business that we anticipated when provided the original guidance is still in our pipeline. And in fact, in most cases proposals, have already been submitted to the prospective client, none of it has been lost. And there's a path where we may still achieve $44.5 million in 2019 revenues, which is reflected in the wide revenue range still late in this year. But as we ramp our international business, we felt that it was the best path to take those opportunities out of our guidance. As we mature in these markets, we're optimistic that the cadence will more closely match our domestic business. But it will take more time to get there than we anticipated earlier in the year.
Finally, early in the quarter our Board of Directors authorized a share buyback program of up to $15 million. As of the end of the quarter, we have not yet repurchased any shares. However, we are prepared to implement the buyback when the window opens, if we feel our stock price does not reflect its intrinsic value.
So let's take a closer look at the quarter. Revenues increased 15% to $10.3 million. While this growth rate is below our recent results, we were comparing to a particularly strong Q2 last year. In addition, many of our new miles were added late in the quarter. We expect a significant revenue ramp into the end of the year based upon the miles that have been deployed year-to-date, the backlog of miles expected to go-live during the remainder of the year. We anticipate adding approximately 70 miles in the second half of the year, although some of those miles will go-live later in Q4 and may not materially affect revenue for 2019, but will provide an entire year of revenue for 2020. We expect third quarter revenue will be up modestly from Q2 with fourth quarter higher than Q3.
Gross profit for the second quarter was $6 million or 58% of total revenues, up from $5 million or 56% in the second quarter of 2018. Adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter, which is calculated by taking our GAAP net income and adding back interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation almost doubled to approximately $2.4 million versus $1.2 million in second quarter of 2018. We continue to invest appropriately to fund long-term growth, while benefiting from the unique leverage in our business model. Our operating expenses for the second quarter were $5.7 million, or 55% of revenues, versus $5.3 million or 59% last year. We continue to increase our investments in each area of our operating expenses, but still expect overall opex to increase less than our rate of top line revenue growth, increasing our operating margins for 2019.
Looking at each line item, sales and marketing expenses for the second quarter were $2.4 million, or 24% of total revenues, versus $2.2 million, or 25% of total revenues for the prior year period. We continue to make strategic investments to expand our sales and marketing programs, and are pleased with the early returns on these investment. We expect this level of spending to increase on a dollar basis for the balance of the year.
Our R&D expenses for the second quarter were $1.4 million, or 13% of total revenues, compared with $1.3 million, or 14% of total revenues for the prior year period. We continue to invest in R&D to add features and functionality to our Missions product to improve our analytics capabilities and on new initiatives. We expect this level of spending to increase on dollar basis for the balance of the year. G&A expenses for the quarter were $1.9 million for 18% of total revenues, compared to $1.8 million, or 20% of total revenues for the prior year period. We expect that our G&A expenses will increase modestly on a dollar basis throughout the year.
Our GAAP net income for the second quarter was $387,000 or $0.03 per share, based on 11.4 million basic and 12 million fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding. This compares to GAAP loss of $369,000 or $0.03 per share the prior year based on 10.6 million basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding. As I noted above, we are particularly pleased to return to profitability even with the increased spending that is funding our future growth.
We added 25 net new go-live miles in Q2. As we have discussed, we are focused on adding 300 gross miles over a two year period. And we continue to believe that with our current pipeline, we will still meet that plan. We ended the quarter with 685 miles live in 100 cities and 11 campuses sites at the end of Q2 we had approximately 700 miles under contract. Deferred revenue at the end of Q2 was $23.1 million, of this amount $22 million was short-term, and $1.1 million was long-term.
Our balance sheet remained strong during the quarter with cash flow used in operations of $1.2 million. primarily due to the timing of accounts receivable collections. We ended the quarter with $27.4 million in cash and short term investment. As always, we appreciate your loyalty and look forward to speaking with many of you in the coming weeks and months.
Now back over to you Ralph.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Alan. I can't tell you how proud I am of the ShotSpotter team leaning in every day and doing this important work. Doing well by doing good is more than just a slogan for us. We truly believe in our purpose and our mission. It is very exciting to see the impact we're having on these communities we serve, while we manage a profitable growing business. Again, we're disappointed with the time shift impact on our full year revenue outlook, but we expect to end the year positioned for a very strong 2020 and beyond.
We're now happy to take your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]. Thank you. Your first question comes from Matt Pfau from William Blair. Go ahead please.
Matthew Charles Pfau -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst
Hey guys, thanks for taking my questions. First I wanted to ask on the international markets and what's going on there. Maybe just give us some more detail about what changed, I guess, between last quarter and this quarter that made you start to think that these deals are going to take a bit longer to close than originally expected?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so maybe I'll start now and Alan, you can jump in. I think one of the encouraging things we saw actually was a broadening of the pipeline, the number of conversations that we're having with various markets, primarily in Latin America is a quite encouraging. I think, in hindsight, probably one of the things that we did was we applied our I would say our domestic sales cadence over the process internationally, with a little bit of discounting with respect to timing. So typically, when you engage a client, you have that very first meeting, they're expressing an interest, then you take the next step, they're sharing data, you're using that data to define a coverage area, then you go to the next step, where they're asking you to put together a budgetary proposals, you're kind of talking about pricing, and the like.
And then in the case of international, we're seeing the very next step where they are requesting to make trips to the U.S. to kick the tires with several of our deployments. And we should definitely give a shot out for all the customers here domestically, that have participated in many, many meetings that we've had over the past several months from visitors from Latin America, Chicago, Camden, NYPD, Miami, Miami Gardens, and others. And so these were all very encouraging signs.
Even in some cases, we took it to the point where they were identifying budget, they were identifying a procurement process, RFP versus sole source. In the case of a couple of opportunities, we even got down to trading paper on the contract terms. And that actually led to us establishing a Columbian subsidiary, because we thought we were that close.
So I think, in hindsight, even though we're getting all these encouraging signs, just dealing with the complexity of various kinds of national governments, their processes are more, I would say, kind of persnickety, time wise, and from a procurement point of view. So it's just frankly, just taken longer than we anticipated. But the encouraging thing is, I think that the number of customers and the size of the pipeline is much larger than we had originally anticipated.
Matthew Charles Pfau -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst
Got it. And it sounds like a lot of the issues are timing. But anything changed in your view as you sort of think about the long-term growth potential of business. I know like last year, you sort of previously communicated that the target would be 30% growth or so over several years. Any change in your thinking there given some of the current events?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
No, not really, I think we talked about trying to grow domestically, about 300 square miles gross square miles, every couple of years. We knew this year, we weren't going to have a Tier 1. So like it stands to expect that we expect it to be less than 150 square miles for 2019. And that's clearly going to be the case this year. And those miles are going to be probably more back end loaded than front end loaded, which is a situation I think we enjoyed in 2018. That was really quite favorable to us, we had a whole bunch of miles that went live in 2018 and 65% of those miles went live in Q1, and Q2 and they were able to produce GAAP revenue.
I think when you think about growth, I think it's fair to say that we're taking two, maybe three really interesting business lines that are effectively almost zero dollars, and growing them very rapidly over the next four plus years. So I think in terms of international missions and then the other category, including professional services, security, et cetera. These businesses, we think, in the next four plus years can represent $25 million in revenue.
And that's how we get to that kind of 25% to 30% CAGR growth over the long-term, recognizing full of course, that as we've always communicated that our sales are lumpy, we're going to have years where we have a Tier 1, and we're going to have years where we don't have a Tier 1, but we're pretty comfortable with the idea that domestically, we can drive 600 square miles over the next four plus years. And I think we're still very much on that cadence.
Matthew Charles Pfau -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst
Great. That's it from me guys. Thanks for taking my questions.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Joseph Osha, JMP Securities. Go ahead please.
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
Hi, gentlemen. Couple of questions for you. First, looking at your comment about the existing customer expansion and five new deployments during the past quarter, I mean, we do a little math and those new deployments are fairly small. How do you feel about the expansion potential for some of those new city deployments over the next kind of six to eight quarters?
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Joe, this is Alan, I would say, well, first off, we are pleased that we've added nine new cities already this year. But I would also say that we are expecting more expansions from our existing cities in Q3 and Q4. One of them we already started, there is still more to go for the one that added some of the miles of the 25 for Q2 with a couple of more miles that we've already gone live in Q3. We already know of one fairly sizable expansion for another customer that's going to occur hopefully in Q3, or maybe into a little bit Q4. So I would say we're optimistic and feel pretty good about the expansions for our current customers.
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
So if you were to sort of sit down and say over the next several quarters without foxing you in too much. And think about the composition of new ads in terms of expansions versus the new customers. What might you expect that mix to look like?
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, this is Alan again. I would say just based on what we know, right now, we're probably going to have more in expansions for the second half of the year than we are necessarily in new cities. And that is basically with contracts that we're already aware of or are close to being signed.
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
Okay. And then moving back to this question of the 300 mile cadence, understanding of course that that's kind of a good rule of thumb over time. You do if assuming this 70 miles happens, that works out to you 107 for this year on my math. That's a heck of a 2020. Are you still comfortable with people publishing models that would have almost 200 miles added in 2020.
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, so this is Alan. I would say, our expectation is that we will get close to that 300. We are expecting to have a Tier 1 sometime in 2020, which will contribute to those miles. So I would say at this point we're still positive with our pipeline and expect to be able to do that.
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
Okay. And then final question for me understanding that you don't probably want to get too into details. How -- what kind of contribution can we realistically expect from Missions do you think to that 2020 outcome?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so this is Ralph. I think I would say, not a significant number in terms of GAAP revenue. But I think what we're more excited about and paying much closer attention to are the number of customers that we get to sign on to the platform and getting them up and running and productive as quickly as possible. Of course, to the extent we're taking Missions customers live in October as an example, you'd only expect to get maybe two to two and half months of GAAP revenue from those customers. So I think the overall revenue number will not be significantly material.
But I think strategically it's really quite impactful because this is a new category new TAM space that allows us to tap into get an increasing share of wallet from our existing customers. And the dialogue we've had with customers has been extremely positive. And I think when we think about the used cases around using ShotSpotter Missions with our with our ShotSpotter gun fire data, and the impact that can make on law enforcement and helping them be much more successful in implementing precision policing oriented strategies is incredibly exciting.
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
Okay, thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Richard Baldry of ROTH Capital. Go ahead, please. Richard, you may have your phone on mute.
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
Thanks. Recognizing that the churn potential in the second half seems pretty small, less than 1% of revenues. I'm sort of curious, is that risk sort of from budget or maybe a change of administration or leadership in the geography that you're looking at?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, this is Ralph, Rich. I'd say, it's both. Those are two customers in one situation it is a definitely a change of leadership in some amount of budget prioritization. In the second case, I think it's frankly much more around budget prioritization. And we're still engaged in the conversation with that particular customer that latter customer. So we're not going to give a complete hope at least I'm not going to give up complete hope that we can keep that customer on the platform. But we felt it was appropriate given their signaling of intentions that we mentioned the possibility that there could be some minor attrition going on to the second half of this year.
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
And, since you talk about -- and not believing there's a Tier 1 in 2020, can you talk a little bit about the pipeline of Tier 1 customers, because things like budgets and administration changes can have big impacts there. Are there multiple ones you're dealing with that you looking at sort of probability wait for the years, or can you have a view that it's a fairly stable environment, therefore, you can view it or can estimate or forecast that it could hit in 2020 with some confidence?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So, I think there's a couple of really interesting names Tier 0 or Tier 1 customers out there that are not ShotSpotter customers today that we're paying close attention to or engaged with, to some degree, more than others. But I'll just mention a few, there's Los Angeles, there's Houston, there's Philadelphia, Dallas would very much be considered a Tier 1 city as well. I would say Seattle is another kind of Tier 1 like city that has a need for our services that could ultimately be a call it 20 square mile customer at full deployment. So there's a number of these cities in our sights, so to speak. And we think that 2020 can be a year that we can get one or more of those cities on our platform.
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
And I think if my memory serves, that you've been either looking at or already rolling out, sort of increased pricing. But curious about that impact on either your pipeline, renewal rates, customer dialogues overall.
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Sure, this is Alan. We do intend on increasing our standard pricing to about $70,000 per square mile per year, in January of next year. We have communicated that to customers that aren't on longer term contracts at this point, certainly to the ones that would affect. And so far, we have not seen any significant pushback at all, and none that we would expect would cause attrition related to the price increase.
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
And lastly, sort of curious about your comfort level with current sales headcount, maybe any hiring plans for 2020, 2021, that you'd need to keep up the sort of 300 mile adds over an extended period of time? Thanks.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so this is Ralph. So we're continuing to look at and evaluate our kind of go-to-market resources and are continuing to invest both not only in sales, but also marketing, as well as customer success. Quite recently, we doubled the capacity of our kind of marketing BDR capacity. These are the folks that are making the outbound calls and helping schedule meetings for potential prospects for our field reps. We're also doing a little bit of reorganization on the sales side to kind of add more intentionality around subject matter experts or overlays that are working with the field sales directors in driving through security, and driving through missions.
And we have a really interesting set of resources around even Flex sales, where we can bring real executive experienced sales capability to partner with our territory sales reps in selling Flex. So more to come there. But we think we're investing smartly and rightly in a way that we can continue to drive the domestic business. And again, let's not forget the fairly significant investment we made several months ago about hiring a VP of international focused on Latin America. And that just proves with that wide open field opportunity, what he has been able to do in such a short period of time is really been quite remarkable.
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
All right, thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Charlie Erlikh from Baird. Go ahead, please.
Charles Erlikh -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for taking my question. I think you mentioned that you've already gone live on 17 miles this quarter. So was July exceptionally strong, or is there any pull forward in your opinion, or do you think the rest of the quarter could continue the momentum seen in July?
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
So this is Alan, I would say that it just sort of a testimony to what we saw when we did our earnings call last quarter. We have good visibility in terms of things that are coming up in the next three to four months in most cases. I would say that it's a good start for our quarter. We expect to continue to add miles for the quarter. We've sort of given our guidance for where we think at the end of the year will be. That's basically how we see it right now.
Charles Erlikh -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst
Yeah, fair enough. And then just one last quick for me, how much revenue came from labs in the quarter?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, we had about $300,000 from labs.
Charles Erlikh -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Chris Van Horn, B. Riley FBR. Go ahead, please.
Christopher Ralph Van Horn -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my call. I was wondering if you could just touch further on the guide and your ability to kind of maintain your commentary around profitability. What are the kind of main levers there that are allowing to do that?
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
So this is Alan. I would say if you take a look at our opex spends even last year Q1 to Q2, last second quarter to this second quarter, we have not had to increase significantly in any of the operating expense categories. Clearly year-over-year, we've have to spend, and have spent quite a bit more in the sales and marketing. But we have a lot of operating leverage in the business, which allows us now that we've reached profitability to have pretty good confidence that we can stay there as our revenues continue to go up. We are adding, as Ralph mentioned and we believe wisely in certain areas. So we are continuing to invest, but we don't necessarily have to invest in a lot of areas that would cause us to dip back into the loss position.
Christopher Ralph Van Horn -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Okay, got it. And then, focusing on Missions, is there any difference in the sales cycle there any difference in who you're selling to? Any nuances around distributing that product?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, this is Ralph. I mean, it's still quite early, but we're learning a lot. Missions is very much a different sale kind of same channel. But the buying center is slightly different. We're going in obviously, the buying center is the police department. But we're finding that the pull through is happening much more effectively when we engage the analyst community within a police department, before taking it directly to the folks that we tend to have very good relationships with in terms of the senior leadership of a police department Chief, Deputy Chief ect.
And that's why I think this overlay organization that we've mentioned earlier is so critical kind of developing that very specific domain expertise and go-to-market expertise that a territory sales director can pull on or leverage inside of their territory is going to be really important for us. But we're again really quite excited about the uptake that we're seeing there and expect again a handful or more of customers to be booked on Missions toward the end of this year.
Christopher Ralph Van Horn -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Okay, great. That's it for me. Thanks for the time.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Tim Klasell, Northland Securities. Go ahead, please.
Timothy Elmer Klasell -- Northland Capital Markets -- Analyst
Good evening, guys. The first question has to do with -- on the guidance on the range. As we get into the second half of the year, you would expect the range to narrow a little bit. You mentioned you had some things standing out there that could swing these numbers. Is there one or two really large deals that could go-live fast enough to swing these numbers sort of dramatically? Can you help us sort of understand that? Thank you.
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So this is Alan, I would say the short answer is yes. I mean, there are -- as Ralph mentioned in the prepared remarks, we have almost $5 million in proposals that are out there, those are all related to Latin America. We have several other opportunities for other areas around the world, that if they come in, and frankly, we had expected a couple of them to come in already at this point, but they still come in the next month or so could significantly help us hitting a higher revenue number, GAAP revenue number for the year. So we're still waiting.
It's not just one or two could be three or more, that if they still come in could positively impact where we end up 2019. And just I think, as Ralph mentioned earlier, we have sort of learned our lesson of international and thought it was appropriate to give you a wider range given the uncertainty that we're seeing in the international closing or the closing of international contracts.
Timothy Elmer Klasell -- Northland Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Good, thanks for that color. And then I want to jump over to the $75,000 from the Missions. Is there a whole lot we can read into that you guys have learned as far as the size of the market and what you need could typically see from a Missions deal? Or is it such an early customer and pricing sort of influx that we shouldn't read that much into it. Thank you.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
So this is Ralph, I just want to make sure I understand your question. You referring to $75,000, are you talking about the average selling price or what?
Timothy Elmer Klasell -- Northland Capital Markets -- Analyst
The initial contract you got for your first Mission sale? Is that something we can sort of apply to maybe other customers? Or is that such a new...
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, that's why I thought -- yeah, so it's kind of annual recurring revenue. I think from a TAM point of view, I think you can think in terms of average it's kind of $50,000 to $75,000 per customer per year. And then, I think you might consider applying an attach rate to currently, we're sitting at just north I think of 100 customers. So you say, OK, we got a 50% attach rate, with the average selling price of anywhere from $50,000 to $75,000 across 50 customers, which represented 50% of tax rate and where we are currently, in terms of our install base I can kind of give you a sense for the opportunity for us on the Mission side as a specific revenue category.
Timothy Elmer Klasell -- Northland Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, great. That's very helpful. Thank you guys.
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from Reed Motulsky, Imperial Capital. Go ahead, please.
Reed Nacht Motulsky -- Imperial Capital -- Analyst
Hello. Are you guys finding that larger or smaller cities are more focused on the analytic solutions, such as ShotSpotter Missions, or at least they are equally interested regardless of their size or any other characteristic?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I don't think we're quite prepared to apply any market segmentation rules at this point in time in terms of customer size. I mean, we're seeing a mix of small, medium and large customers that have expressed the interest in Missions. By the way, just as a frame of reference, Chicago PD, prior to us acquiring the technology assets from Azavea HunchLab, was a very big user of that solution. So that's an example of a very large kind of Tier 1 city using kind of predictive if you will, or precision oriented policing analytic tools in. So the customers that we're in discussions now are quite a bit smaller than that. So it really is quite a range between small, medium and large.
Reed Nacht Motulsky -- Imperial Capital -- Analyst
Got it. And for international cities, like the new expansions you guys are trying to make in Latin America. Are you guys trying to similarly adopt ShotSpotter Missions there? And is it adapted yet, with the non-English language users?
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, that's a fantastic question. I would say, we're trying to get to first and second base internationally with our Flex solutions at this point in time. So that's kind of what we're focused on right now. And of course, once we get a little bit better cadence there and get some direct customer relationships there. Missions certainly represents the interesting opportunity to upsell into our international deployments once we get those international deployments, but the first order of business for us is get the international deployments on Flex.
Reed Nacht Motulsky -- Imperial Capital -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you very much.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, thank you.
Operator
Thank you. At this time, this concludes our question-and-answer session. If your question was not taken, you may contact ShotSpotter's Investor Relations team at [email protected]. I would now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Clark for closing remarks.
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you very much. And thank you, everyone for joining our call. We're certainly very grateful for all your support, and we look forward to speaking with many of you in the very near future. Thank you again -- thank you again, very much.
Duration: 43 minutes
Call participants:
Ralph A. Clark -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Alan R. Stewart -- Chief Financial Officer
Matthew Charles Pfau -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst
Joseph Amil Osha -- JMP Securities -- Analyst
Richard Kenneth Baldry -- Roth Capital Partners -- Analyst
Charles Erlikh -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst
Christopher Ralph Van Horn -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Timothy Elmer Klasell -- Northland Capital Markets -- Analyst
Reed Nacht Motulsky -- Imperial Capital -- Analyst
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