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Allstate Corp (ALL 0.04%)
Q4Â 2019 Earnings Call
Feb 5, 2020, 9:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Allstate Fourth Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
And now I'd like to introduce your host for today's program, Mr. Mark Nogal, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Mark Nogal -- Director of Investor Relations
Thank you, Jonathan. Good morning and welcome everyone to Allstate's fourth quarter 2019 earnings conference call. After prepared remarks, we will have a question-and-answer session.
Yesterday, following the close of the market, we issued our news release and investor supplement and posted today's presentation on our website at allstateinvestors.com. Our management team is here to provide perspective on these results and further context on our recently announced transformative growth plan.
As noted on the first slide of the presentation, our discussion will contain non-GAAP measures for which there are reconciliations in the news release and investor supplement and forward-looking statements about Allstate's operations. Allstate's results may differ materially from these statements, so please refer to our 10-K for 2018 and other public documents for information on potential risks.
And now, I'll turn it over to Tom.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, good morning. Thank you for joining us to stay current on Allstate. Let's begin on slide two with Allstate's strategy. So, as you know, our strategy has two components: increase personal Property-Liability market share and expand into other protection businesses. Starting with the upper oval, we've been a leader in creating differentiated insurance prices, features such as declining [Phonetic] deductibles and new-car replacement, we use sophisticated pricing, have strong claims expertise, and are building an integrated digital enterprise to lower costs.
We're also diversifying our businesses by expanding our protection offerings, which are highlighted in the bottom oval. We leverage the Allstate brand, customer base, and capabilities to drive growth in these businesses. So we offer customers a circle of protection that includes Allstate Life, workplace benefits, commercial insurance, roadside services, car warranties, protection plans, and identity protection. These growth platforms have extremely broad distribution, includes major retailers, insurance brokers at the work site, auto dealers, manufacturers, telcos, and directly to consumers. On the right hand, you can see that this strategy creates shareholder value through customer satisfaction, unit growth, and attractive returns on capital. It also ensures we have sustainable profitability and a diversified business platform.
If we move to slide three, Allstate's strategy continues to deliver excellent results in 2019. Revenues were nearly $11.5 billion in the fourth quarter and $44.7 billion for the full year 2019. Net income was $1.7 billion in the fourth quarter and $4.7 billion in the full year. Adjusted net income was $1.02 billion or $3.13 per diluted share in the fourth quarter. For the full year, adjusted net income rose 11.1% compared to the prior year to $3.48 billion or $10.43 per share. It reflects excellent underlying profitability and lower catastrophe losses. Returns were also excellent with an adjusted return on equity of 16.9%.
If we turn to slide four, Allstate delivered on all five 2019 operating priorities, which focus on both near-term performance and long-term value creation. The first three priorities: better serve customers, grow our customer base, and achieve target returns on capital. They're all intertwined in it to ensure profitable long-term growth. Customers were better served as enterprise Net Promoter Score improved at most of our businesses. Total policies in force reached $145.9 million, which is an increase of 20.7% compared to the prior year. Property-liability policies, which are bigger dollar amounts, increased by $428,000 for the prior year to $33.7 million as Allstate and Esurance brands grew 1.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Allstate protection plans, which of course was formerly SquareTrade, continued its rapid growth through the addition of a major retail partner with items in-force reaching 99.6 million.
Returns remained excellent driven primarily by strong Property-Liability results. The underlying combined ratio of 85.0 finished 2019 at the favorable end of our revised full-year guidance of 84.5 to 86.5. And you'll remember as part of our second quarter earnings release last year, we had improved this annual outlook range due to excellent operating results. As you know, Allstate's no longer going to provide underlying combined ratio guidance since return on equity is a better measure of performance and Mario is going to provide some additional context on this measure.
The $88 billion investment portfolio generated $3.2 billion of net investment income in 2019, which reflects higher market-based portfolio yields, which was offset by lower performance-based results. Performance-based results were below expectations for the quarter, but longer-term results have been strong. Total portfolio return was 9.2% in 2019. Shareholder value is also being created by building long-term growth platforms. We announced new features of a transformative growth plan which we'll discuss next. Arity continued to expand capabilities. Allstate identity protection is growing and launched its new digital footprint offerings. And Avail, a car sharing platform, initiated operations.
We move to slide five. Let's discuss the transformative growth plan to increase Property-Liability market share. The plan builds on our strengths and reflects current competitive conditions. Allstate has a significant number of competitive strengths, as you know, particularly in Property-Liability, we have the Allstate brand, we have pricing sophistication, claim expertise, product breadth and a broad distribution platform, that goes from Allstate agents to Esurance's direct capabilities to encompasses independent agents.
As a result, we're growing, but GEICO and Progressive are growing auto insurance market share faster through massive advertising spending and low cost structures. Our plan also recognizes that customer needs are changing due to increased connectivity and advanced analytics. Our leading positions in telematics and digital auto collision estimates are two examples of how we're embracing these changes. At the same time, a majority of customers prefer an Allstate insurance agent -- we hope an Allstate insurance agent when purchasing a policy, but are comfortable with self-service. So we're increasing mobile application capabilities and building low-cost centralized integrated service capabilities.
We're now accelerating these efforts with a transformative growth plan, which has three components: expand customer access, improving the customer value proposition by lowering expenses and redesigning Property Liability products, and investing in technology and marketing. Expanded customer access will be provided by utilizing Esurance's direct capabilities to sell Allstate-branded products. Esurance has strong direct capabilities having more than doubled in size since it was acquired a little over eight years ago.
As a result, we can further leverage these capabilities by selling Allstate-branded policies directly to consumers. This will require us to reposition the Allstate brand and the advertising previously deployed for the Esurance brand will be shifted to the Allstate brand, and then the Esurance brand will be phased out in late 2020.
Expense reductions will improve affordability, while funding investments in technology and marketing. We'll also strengthen the independent agent platform by merging the Allstate independent agent offering into Encompass. This is a comprehensive plan that will make us a stronger competitor and lead to increased market share.
Now let me turn it over to Mario to go through the Property-Liability and investment results.
Mario Rizzo -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Tom. Let's go to slide six where we highlight strong results within our Property-Liability segment. Policy and premium growth continued and all of the brands had strong underlying profitability. Underwriting income of $1 billion in the fourth quarter was significantly higher than the prior year driven by lower catastrophe losses and the continued improvement in the expense ratio despite increased marketing investments and the write-off of the remaining Esurance acquisition intangible related to the brand name.
Moving to the table, net written premium increased 4.4% in the fourth quarter and 5.6% for the full year driven by policy and average premium growth in Allstate brand auto and homeowners insurance and the insurance brand. Total policies in-force increased 1.3% to $33.7 million in 2019. Underwriting income of $1 billion in the fourth quarter and $2.8 billion for the full year were substantially higher than the respective prior year periods, driven by continued progress on improving our cost structure, average premium increases, and lower catastrophe losses. The underlying combined ratio, shown in the bottom left, which excludes catastrophes, prior-year reserve reestimates, and the $51 million pre-tax impairment charge related to our decision to utilize the Allstate brand for direct sales was 84.9 for the fourth quarter. The 2019 result of 85.0 was at the favorable end of the full-year guidance range of 84.5 to 86.5.
Focusing on the table on the bottom right of the page, you can see our recorded combined ratio trend over time by line of business as well as total property and liability. Auto insurance profitability remained strong with a combined ratio of 92.8, excluding the Esurance impairment. Increased average earned premium and lower property damage and bodily injury frequency offset higher severity in 2019. Property damage severity continues to be impacted by higher cost to repair vehicles, while increases -- which increases the number of total losses. Bodily injury severity increased at a rate above medical inflation indices, but we factor these severity trends into our pricing algorithms. Homeowners' insurance continues to generate excellent returns. Lower catastrophe losses were significant in achieving a combined ratio of 88.4 for the year. In total, Allstate has industry-leading combined ratios for our Property-Liability businesses.
Let's go to slide seven, which highlights investment performance for the year and the fourth quarter. Our investment portfolio total return for 2019 was 9.2%. Net investment income contributed 3.7% to total return with a stable contribution from interest income on fixed income investments, but a lower contribution from our performance-based portfolio. Higher bond and equity valuation contributed 5.5% to total return in 2019.
The chart at the bottom shows net investment income for the fourth quarter of $689 million, $97 million lower than the fourth quarter of 2018. Market-based investment income shown in blue increased to $735 million and benefited from proactive actions we've taken, including a duration extension in our Property-Liability portfolio. Performance-based income shown in gray was lower than recent trend and included lower valuations of $74 million pre-tax on two private equity limited partnerships.
Given the performance-based portfolio's impact on reported income, let's turn to slide eight to review the purpose, makeup, and results of these investments. Our performance-based strategy delivers attractive long-term risk-adjusted returns and is well suited for long-dated liabilities and capital. The strategy diversifies our portfolio through idiosyncratic equity returns that complement our market-based strategy. The portfolio is broadly diversified by asset type, including private equity and real estate, as well as geography, sectors, and partners. We invest in funds, co-invest, and have direct investments as well.
The $8.7 billion portfolio had a one-year return through September of 7.6% and three- and five-year returns of around 11%. While idiosyncratic investments generate higher returns, they do create income volatility as you can see on the right. The portfolio generated $469 million of investment income in 2019, but all of that occurred in the first three quarters. In 2018, the portfolio generated $716 million of investment income and $145 million in the fourth quarter. We continuously monitor the portfolio and do not believe the lower valuations on two private equity investments in the fourth quarter are indicative of the broader portfolio.
Slide nine highlights results for Allstate Life, Benefits, and Annuities. Allstate Life, shown on the left, generated adjusted net income of $76 million in the fourth quarter and $261 million for the year. The fourth quarter improved by $7 million compared to the prior year quarter, driven by higher net investment income and lower operating costs. The full-year income of $261 million was 11.5% below 2018 due to the third quarter writedown of deferred acquisition costs in connection with the annual actuarial assumption review which reflected lower interest rates.
Allstate Benefits adjusted net income of $16 million in the fourth quarter was $10 million below the prior year quarter. This decline was primarily driven by the write-off of acquisition costs related to the non-renewal of a large underperforming account. For the full year, adjusted net income of $115 million was $9 million below the prior year.
Allstate Annuities, shown on the bottom right, had an adjusted net loss of $33 million in the fourth quarter, driven by lower performance-based income. Adjusted net income of $10 million for the full-year 2019 was below the prior year, reflecting lower performance-based investment income in the first and fourth quarters.
Let's turn to slide 10. The Service Businesses continued to grow the number of customers protected with policies in-force increasing 42% to $105.9 million. This is largely due to the increase in Allstate Protection Plans. Revenues grew 21.9% to $434 million in the fourth quarter, reaching $1.6 billion for the full-year 2019. Adjusted net income was $3 million in the fourth quarter and $38 million for the full year. Adjusted net income increased in 2019 compared to the prior-year period as improved loss performance in Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services were partially offset by continued growth and integration investments at Allstate Identity Protection.
Slide 11 highlights the excellent cash returns provided to shareholders. In 2019, we returned $0.55 billion to common shareholders through a combination of $1.8 billion in share repurchases and $653 million in common stock dividends. We repurchased $16.4 million, or 4.9% of common shares outstanding, over the last 12 months and increased our book value per share by more than $15 to $73.12. The $3 billion share repurchase program announced in October 2018 was completed in late January 2020, and yesterday, the Board approved a new $3 billion share repurchase authorization to be completed by the end of 2021. We also reduced the cost of capital in 2019 by redeeming multiple series of preferred stock and issued two new series at lower rates, which will reduce preferred dividends by $17 million annually.
Let's move to slide 12 and discuss our long-term return on equity goal. Starting this year we will no longer provide annual Property-Liability underlying combined ratio guidance, but instead discuss returns on equity. As we've discussed over the past two quarters, this is a better measure of our performance for multiple reasons. It is a broader, long-term measure of performance than the underlying combined ratio, which focuses on just one part of one of our businesses and excludes significant items such as investment income, catastrophes, and other protection businesses' income. It factors and capital management and is more correlated with stock price and it fosters a better comparison with our peers. On a long-term basis, our adjusted net income return on equity goal is 14% to 17%. This range also aligns with executive compensation as discussed in our annual proxy statement.
Now we'll open up the line for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Elyse Greenspan from Wells Fargo. Your question please. Elyse, you might have your phone on mute.
Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities LLC -- Analyst
So my first question is on your ROE target. The 14% to 17%, just a couple questions there. If we can get a sense of what you define as the long-term and then how you see kind of 2020 coming in, in reference to that 14% to 17%. And then my last question on that front would be, are you going to go into any particular details on the returns that you're targeting within that within Property-Liability versus your Life-related businesses or services?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
First, let me deal with the second question first. We're not going to give out a number for 2020, which gets to your first question, which is we kind of look at this kind of like a rolling three-year basis is like over a three-year period, cats go up and down, things go up and down, and we should be able to earn a 14% to 17% return. We got there by really looking at a couple things. First is, what's the level of economic rent we can capture by how good we are in the market we operate in. So, as you know in the Property-Liability business, we run a substantially more favorable combined ratio than the industry, and that's worth a substantial amount of economic return.
We also look at it from what's the appropriate risks -- what's the appropriate return for the risks that our shareholders take, and we feel like 14% to 17% is a good goal for us to have over that three-year basis. I don't think you should try to use this to decide what 2020 forecasts are. There's lot of better ways to do a forecast.
We're not going to break it out by component because our goal here was to get up to the corporate level and say, what are we doing in total, because with the underlying combined ratio, we basically zoomed ourselves in, including you all, into how well was auto insurance doing that we've neglected to focus on the other opportunity to do. Obviously, the 14% to 17% includes a whole bunch of components. So the annuities, as we've talked about before, are large drag on that. So if you were to [Indecipherable] between the 300%-plus drag that has on ROE to the other businesses, you would say the other businesses are higher return and, of course, most of that is Property-Liability.
But that will change over time obviously. The acquisitions like purchase of Allstate Protection Plans, obviously that business is doing extremely well from our standpoint as well above its acquisition targets, but it does put a drag on ROE. Interest rates would go the other way, particularly in the Property-Liability portfolio. So what we do is stand back and say, what do we think is right over time on kind of a rolling three-year basis.
Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities LLC -- Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. And then my second question, you guys rolled out your new growth-related optimization efforts in December. I just want to get a sense as you kind of change your commission structure a little bit, how you envision that playing out in terms of both a pick up in new business growth and any kind of drag you see that having on the underlying loss ratio, I guess specifically to your auto book?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, let me maybe go up for a minute and ask Glenn to talk about the commission changes you're talking about for 2020, which I think those specific lines you're referring. So transformative growth is a multi-year effort. We expect -- it has both expanding customer access improving customer value and investing in technology and marketing to help us grow market share. The improving value will be done two ways: one, reducing expenses, and that's expenses across the board, and we can talk more about that later come up, but that's really across the board; and redesigning the Property-Liability products. Glenn did make some changes to the commission structure for 2020 which he can talk about.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
Yeah, yes, we've got a few things going to stimulate growth in what is a very competitive environment right now. So we're able to keep growing, and to the second part of your question, deliver returns. So I'll answer that part first. Do we expect it to as we grow to deteriorate returns? I would say no, because we've evidenced that we're pretty disciplined about that. And we've been -- as we've grown, we've kept our eye on the returns.
But the specific actions, one, are you referred to the change in compensation. We moved some of the compensation, variable comp from agents renewals to new business to incentivize growth. We want to pay folks for growing their business. We're also putting more into advertising and managing our lead management platform.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Greg Peters from Raymond James. Your question please.
C. Gregory Peters -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
My first question will be around the expense ratio improvements that you guys generated in 2019. I think that's probably the biggest surprise at least from an outside observer perspective. In some of your previous comments you said there was some benefit for incentive comp. So I guess my question is around how much of that 90 basis points was sustainable considering the strong results that you posted last year? Is that going to boost up the incentive comp for 2020? And then dovetail the expense ratio improvement with what kind of anticipation or expectation should we have about continuing improvements? Should we factor in some modest improvement every year? I know you guys are rolling out the integrated services platform, etc.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Greg, let me take incentive cap. Mario can talk about expenses. So we set incentive comp targets every year. And so we have to measures: one is -- two programs, one is the annual incentive plan, which is our management's compensation program, and that's set every year based on how well we did the year before. So it's not like you get a couple of years. We also have obviously a longer-term plan, which is our performance stock awards, which are tied to return on equity. So those you shouldn't expect fall over from one year to another as it relates to expenses. If we exceed the targets established by the Board, then obviously we have to put that into the P&L, but presumably, that's because we're making more money than everybody thought.
Mario Rizzo -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Greg, thanks for the question. It's Mario. I just would add a couple things. So first, I think we continue to be pleased with the progress we're making on expenses. And as Tom talked about earlier, it's a core part of our transformative growth strategy and one of the ways that we're going to further improve the customer value proposition and create the capacity for the growth investments that he alluded to. So our work in this area is not done. We're going to keep focusing on expenses and look to drive down the expense ratio.
One thing I'll add with the fourth quarter specifically, the impairment charge related to the Esurance brand was worth about 0.6 point on the expense ratio. So if you look year-over-year, you see some real meaningful improvement in the expense ratio in the quarter that gets a little bit masked by that non-recurring charge.
C. Gregory Peters -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Mario, is that where the Esurance expense ratios I think was up 27.5% in the fourth quarter. Is that what you're talking about?
Mario Rizzo -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, it's in the expense ratio. It's worth about 0.6% for the overall Property-Liability number, obviously more of an impact to Esurance specifically.
C. Gregory Peters -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Got it. Great. Thanks. The second question, I guess let's pivot to the performance-based investments. Obviously, it's generated a strong result for you over a long period of time, but there's volatility. And this past year, there was volatility. And for outside observers, can you provide any guidance for us and how we should think about that volatility as we think about the 2020 outlook?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
So. Greg, thanks. Let me make an overall comment about investments and John can go through the more color on performance space recognizing we don't like to give next year's projections out there. We proactively manage our portfolio. John's created and uses a really comprehensive capital allocation framework. It helps the investment team decide what and when to invest and it keeps track of the decisions we made, not just the investments we've made so we can track those, but also any opportunities we've missed or any losses we avoided. So we watch our money well, and that's on all parts of the portfolio. So John, can talk about what we do, how we deploy that in performance-based and what it means.
John Dugenske -- President of Investments and Financial Products
Yeah, thanks for the question, Greg. When you go up and think about the whole portfolio, it helps put performance-based in context and why we like it. The portfolio is about $88 billion in size. Majority of it is invested in high-quality fixed income instruments, and about 18% of that is equity and roughly half of that is performance based, so just to kind of size it within the overall context.
We like performance based because it focuses on private markets and really expands our opportunity set of investments that we can play with and it allows us to create, in our belief, a more efficient frontier, a more efficient portfolio that's well suited to our overall liability and capital structure. What comes with that is increased volatility on income, and we believe that -- and we expect volatility, we expected in the past, and we'll expect it going forward. We believe that we're compensated for that volatility of income. In this particular quarter, that volatility, especially if you look at it year-over-year on a quarterly basis, the difference was $97 million and about $74 million of that was tied to two investments. That obviously was a disappointment, but we've gone back in and we recognize that when we look at the underlying investments here. They range from timber and agriculture to real estate to private equity to a number of different investments in there. It's hard to pin down with great precision in any given quarter how that's going to play out. So I would expect continued volatility, but we have also gone through, as part of our regular risk and surveillance processes, looked at all of our holdings as we normally would do, and believe that this was not -- this was a bit of a one-off type of quarter.
We remain confident in the effort going forward, despite this performance in this quarter. We believe we have a strong team. When we look at measuring this, we really look to longer-term measures. We look to three-, five-, and 10-year, and some of those measures are in the investor supplement, and those tend to be holding true. So we really aren't changing our overall commitment to it and expect while there may be bumps in the road in any given quarter that long run, it's an important part of what we do.
C. Gregory Peters -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks for your answers.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Paul Newsome from Piper Sandler. Your question please.
Paul Newsome -- Piper Sandler & Co. -- Analyst
Good morning. I was hoping you could just give us a little bit of an update as to how you see the current pricing and competitive trend in auto. Obviously last year was a pretty competitive year, but if you think that things are stabilizing industry wide or not, love to hear your thoughts.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, this is Tom. Let me make a couple of overall thematic conversations and then Glenn can talk about what he's seeing in the market by competitor. But our philosophy has been to -- as you know, profitable growth and long-term profitable growth. So we raise prices when we think we need to or when the trend show we should do it and so we don't get behind on it. We're not big in terms of reducing price to try to grow. I'd like to say around here, anybody can lose their way to increase market share and that's not our plan. The other thing I would say is, you always have to be careful of the percentages because it always depends where you start.
So we have some competitors who are higher price than us and they're reducing their prices and other carriers who are lower than us and certain risks and they're raising the prices. So Glenn could talk about the percentages and there are obviously some overall macro trends at work in auto insurance pricing. But I guess we have to be careful not to be too specific as to what it means for next quarter sales.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
Yeah, thanks. As Tom said, I think I'll lead you to one set of numbers that I think tells the story. Our average premium in auto was up 3% year-over-year, and our average loss and expense was up 2.5%. So we were disciplined in managing to a positive return and actually made a little progress during a time where, as you said, it was very, very competitive out there. We did see some competitors take sort of broad-based rate reductions, which is why the overall CPI is negative that as Tom said not a trend we'll follow or something we subscribe to. We look state by state.
To your question about what we're seeing more recently, is it stabilizing? I would say -- I'll give you a qualified, yes, there is a little bit more rate activity starting to flow into the market. You're seeing less price reductions or really no price reductions in the recent past. And you see some increases out there. So I'd call it more stable.
Paul Newsome -- Piper Sandler & Co. -- Analyst
Fantastic. Second question. Obviously on the commercial line side of the world, there is a lot of conversation about basically casualty-related inflation trends. I recognize that that's not a huge part of what you do as an auto and home insurer. But could you talk to whether or not you're seeing any of that in fairly modest pieces that are casualty parts of your business?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Paul, are you talking about bodily injury costs? Is that what you're zooming at?
Paul Newsome -- Piper Sandler & Co. -- Analyst
Well, actually I'm thinking more pure liability in the home insurance business, for example, slips and falls and lawsuits and things of that nature.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So not seeing much of a trend on the home side on that. Our trends that are more meaningful for us on the home side really are the mix between frequency and severity of our property first party losses. So we're not seeing really anything on home.
Paul Newsome -- Piper Sandler & Co. -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Yaron Kinar from Goldman Sachs. Your question please.
Yaron Kinar -- Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC -- Analyst
Good morning, everybody. First question is around net premiums written growth. I think it slowed down a little bit and I guess, in particular, you see a little bit of a slowdown in renewal ratios and then new applications, especially in auto. Can you maybe talk about that and maybe how that ties to the transformative growth plan?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, we can. First, as I said earlier, it's all about profitable growth for us. The transformative growth plan should bring our expense ratio down and enable us to improve our competitive position, which should drive to higher growth. In 2019, throughout the year, there was different stories in the Allstate-branded business than the Esurance business. So, Glenn, maybe you can talk about the Allstate-branded business and Esurance for 2019 was still under Steve. Now, of course, under Glenn is part of our transformative growth. But, Steve, maybe you can pop in on Esurance.
Steve Shebik -- Vice Chair
So yeah, I'll start us off. And just at a high level, I'd tell you, we feel good about the fact we were able to grow in a really competitive market. As has been pointed out before, on the call here, negative CPI, premium's up 5.5%, policies in-force grew across all major lines. And it's hard work to do that in a competitive environment. So it's challenging.
To your point, that moved down a little bit in the fourth quarter, but we're still in the upper bounds in that sort of call it the upper-third of our long-term trend on both retention and new business. We're coming off a high base here. And we're taking the actions short term as we build out transformative growth, taking the actions short-term to grow, which I referenced before, of changing agency comp or we're shifting more toward new business, putting more into marketing.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
So for 2019, Esurance had about 8.5% increase in net written premium. So for the year it feels good, but that trend declined throughout the year. In the 4th quarter it was only about 0.6%. And we did, as you know, we grew fairly rapidly last year also. And so we have that new business penalty and in some states we took some fairly significant rates more in the second half of the year. So that really slowed down our growth and as we went into the third and fourth quarter. Overall, we feel good about the growth we had. We feel good with where the business is positioned going forward. But we have to grow [Phonetic] profitably.
Yaron Kinar -- Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC -- Analyst
That's helpful. Thank you. And then my second question just goes back to the ROE guidance range for the next three years. I guess what would be the largest components that would drive ROE to the upper end of that range or the lower end of that range, and does that range also contemplate the possibility of disposition of the Annuities business?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Obviously there's a number of components here. There's what your -- the obvious piece is what's your combined ratio and underwriting income. That's impacted by -- but your underlying is also what catastrophes are, which as you know bounce around. There is what happens to investment income, and we've talked about that at length today. There is also the amount of equity you have at play and so as we've been building equity, but we're still buying shares back, so that has an impact.
As it relates to future, this is kind of an as-is business model approach. We didn't assume anything was going to change. And as I mentioned to Elyse is that, things will change in the future, right. But we still feel like 14% to 17% is the right range. But lots of stuff could change, right. The interest rates could go up. And if interest rates go up for the Property-Liability business, most of that income falls right through to the bottom line. And if you look at our investment income over a long period of time, we are down substantially. Now we've made that up by reducing the combined ratio and improving underwriting income, but that will change over time. Obviously the annuities business will be a positive to the extent we decided to invest in growth, in an acquisition that would be a negative. So we felt like, in total, the 14% to 17% was a good goal for us. But if it changes as the world changes, then we'll let people know. But it's a three-year kind of rolling average for us.
Yaron Kinar -- Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of David Motemaden from Evercore ISI. Your question please.
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. Just a follow-up on the transformative growth plan and just trying to get some sense for when do you think we should start to see the benefits of those changes start to roll through in terms of more competitive product and then an uptick in new applications, better retention, and higher PIF growth after we've seen a bit of a deceleration in all of those metrics.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. David, first, it's a long-term plan. This is going to take us multiple years to do, but there is obviously components of it. In some parts we'll have a bigger impact early. In other parts we'll have a larger impact later in the game. So we expect early in the plan that expense reductions will play a significant role in us improving our affordability for customers and getting to that second part of improving the value proposition.
As you go forward, we would expect that redesigning our Property-Liability products will drive more differentiation. So we were first to market with declining deductibles, first to market with new car replacement. There are other ideas and things we have in place that we think can drive more value, but it's going to take more time to put those into the marketplace.
So in terms of improving the customer value proposition, expenses, first, redesign products later. The reason redesign products is later is in part it requires a new technology platform which is the third piece. We have to invest more in a new technology platform, particularly our product management platform and our customer experience layer, so that will take us a while to do. We think we can still cut expenses and reduce the overall expense load, why we are investing in those and that's our goal, but at the same time we're going to invest more in marketing earlier in the process, because we believe that will drive growth.
And Glenn talked about what he is doing to enhance the Allstate agent value proposition, whether that's increasing new business commissions or freeing them up by taking low-value work out of their offices and putting in into integrated service. The other piece is to expand the access and that's happening as we speak. So the access to people who called for the Allstate brand or got onto our website and Allstate brand had some restricted rules on it, which we've started to open those up now. So, for example, if you called during working hours, you could get a different experience than if you called after working hours. Like you should have the same experience. Like you're getting online, it shouldn't matter what time of day you do that.
So we're changing those rules now. What Glenn is also doing is taking the Esurance capabilities which are exceptionally good in direct. He is putting those together with the Allstate-branded capabilities, which do some direct today, and that will then be utilized for the Allstate brand. That will take us some time to do: one, obviously he's got to put all the operations together and call centers and get the technology to work the same and get the order -- the flow on the website all to be the same. We also need to reposition the Allstate brand. And so the Allstate brand, of course, is extremely well known, great unaided awareness, high trust marks, people -- it is one of the great brands of the world.
And that said, it's not viewed as modern as Esurance is. So Esurance is built for the modern world, a little hip, a little cleaner. So we are working hard on reposition the Allstate brand, so that it brings both of those together so that we both serve our customers with agents when they want them and we serve them direct when they want. So it's a long-term plan, but you can see there's -- it's front-end loaded on some parts and back-end loaded on others.
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Got it. And just with the customer value proposition, and some of the increases in the bodily injury severity that popped above CPI -- medical CPI this quarter, which is the first time I think in a bit it has. Have you -- I mean is that already embedded in your pricing or is that something that would I guess go the other way? Again some of these expense saves that may be able to pass-through through more competitive rate.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
Yes, I'll take that. This is Glenn. And yeah, we've seen some of the trends come through that you've heard about from others in bodily injury. It is embedded in our reserve position that we have where we think through these things as we set our reserves, as we set our pricing strategy. As you've seen over the last couple of years where we've run hot on physical damage severity and yet it really hasn't flowed through to the margins, because we're pretty quick at adapting from a pricing standpoint and on a market-by-market basis.
So I would tell you we're watching it. We've got good process. We have a great claims department that looks at both the technology and the process that they follow to handle claims, and where it goes beyond what claims can manage as they're paying claims accurately, we get it into pricing quickly.
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Okay, great. And then if I could just sneak one last one in. Just in terms of the high end of the ROE guide. And I guess just thinking about potentially like there have been a few transactions in the fourth quarter on the life side and it seems like there is a pretty vibrant interest for -- a lot of interest in some of these run off books of Annuities or Life insurance. Just wondering -- and in Illinois, I believe there is a division of company rule that can allow you to carve out specific reserves out of that Illinois legal entity and divest to a potential acquirer. So just sort of wanted to get an update on your view in terms of -- your thinking in terms of like whether you see any opportunities there to potentially reinsure or divest that book and maybe get to a more sustainable high end of that ROE guide, given it had like a 300 bps drag on the ROE?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, it is a third question. But this is different than the other ones. I will take it. But I also -- let's try to -- there are other people in the...
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Sorry. Yeah, I apologize.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
The answer is we've been trying to -- we've been working on annuities for a whole bunch of years trying to get it better. We've made a lot of progress. To the extent there's something else we can do, whether that's use a division statute to get a different solution reinsurer. If we can do it in a way that is economic for our shareholders and there's a good risk-adjusted return, we'll do that. And if we do that, I don't think anybody would be unhappy if we were -- if you'd looked at -- if we were above the upper-end of the guidance.
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Amit Kumar from Buckingham Research. Your question please.
Amit Kumar -- The Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst
Excellent. Good morning. Two quick follow-up questions. The first, I guess is in response to the previous question on the shift in the new plan. Can you give us any early sort of feedback from agents, number one, on the integrated services platform, and number two, also what is the feedback on shifting the bonus and the commission structure from existing and new businesses?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Let me -- Amit, I think we got it. We were all leaning in toward the speaker to make sure we heard you. It was a little light. So I think Glenn can talk about integrated service and the commissions. Maybe let me go back to transformative growth and make the comment really on behalf of the customer. So the agents are part of our team. We want them to be successful, or leaning in hard to make them successful. They drive a bunch of our business, and we're going to work hard at making them successful.
That said, there is a range of opinion as to what people think about what you're doing. But let me come back to the customer. What we are trying to do with transformative growth is stick with our customer philosophies and one of our philosophies is you should pay a fair price for the risks you create. We're very sophisticated in the way we do pricing. We have telematics, which is the new [Indecipherable] with Drivewise. We also have a philosophy that customers should get what they pay for.
And as it relates to the auto insurance, the same things apply. So if you get extra service, then you should -- and extra advice from help of an agent, there should be something you should be prepared to pay extra for. If you want to do all stuff yourself, then that's something that's a different price value proposition. So we are working hard to make sure that that agent value proposition is as effective and efficient as it can be. Like people, as we said -- I think we said it when we talked about this that over half the people want an agent and it's higher as it reflects our customer base. So we want to help them be as successful as they can and that's why Glenn is working on the couple programs he is.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
Yeah, I'll just add to it. We talk to our agency force all the time, talking to agents every week. We've got national advisory council, regional boards. We spend a lot of time with our agency force. And I'll give you the range of reactions to things. So overall, the big thing out of transformative growth, we're going to pull the marketing in from Esurance at the Allstate brand. As you might imagine, wildly popular. Like everybody feels really good about the fact that there's going to be more marketing in the pipeline and we're focusing on the Allstate brand.
On the commission change, you've got folks that they were growing fast and they're built to grow, they like it a lot because it leans right into their strength. You've got folks that weren't -- really weren't growing or weren't built to grow, you have a range of folks who either are excited about making that transition and retooling their business or ones that say I wasn't really ready to retool my business. But they need to in order to earn the commission that goes with the new business, the higher new business commission.
As it goes to integrated service, as Tom said, lots of different opinions out there. It really is about freeing people up for growth. And what I can tell you is that folks that are in it are growing faster than the folks that aren't. So we think we're creating something that's going to be really valuable for the agency force.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
So if you go back to the customer and what Glenn's higher new business, when you ask customers where does an agent add the most value, it's almost always on either the purchase of the product or doing an insurance review, helping me sort out stuff. Very little of it is on changing address. And so that's what Glenn's working.
Amit Kumar -- The Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst
That's a fair comment. And very quickly on the loss cost trend. I know you briefly talked about it, but net-net, can you talk about when you look at the frequency and severity trends, was the expectation that this is how it sort of remains for the foreseeable future or what's your outlook on the loss cost trends here? Thanks.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
So I'll take that. It's Glenn. I'd like to -- let me go up a little bit because I think if you look at the whole system and you say there is the premiums that come in and how we make changes to those over time, it's expenses that are going out the door. And then you split your loss cost by frequency and severity. Over the past year, three out of those four have been going well for us. Our premium, as I mentioned, auto is up 3% average premium, home is up 5% average premium. The respective loss and expense on those lines are 2.5% and 4%. So we've made up 0.5 point and a full point in terms of actually improving over the time period.
So it's hard for me to say I can't predict that severity will be flattening or up more over a year or two years from now, but what I can tell you is we've been really disciplined about managing it quickly into each market on a market-by-market basis. Our pricing sophistication, our state management team has gotten better and better, and we're able to react in real-time to those changes and manage to the types of returns that we've been able to deliver. So while I can't give you a perfect prediction on where the severity will go. I feel really good about our ability to react to it in real time.
Amit Kumar -- The Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks for those answers.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Tunis from Autonomous Research. Your question please.
Ryan Tunis -- Autonomous Research LLP -- Analyst
Hey, thanks. Good morning. A couple for Glenn. So Tom mentioned that over half of Allstate brand customers wanted an agent. I thought that was interesting. In terms of just like the pathway of becoming an Allstate brand customer, what percentage of -- what percentage of people I guess start on the Internet, Google insurance or something like that? And is that the lead generation mechanism, I guess, just digital or the Internet versus an Allstate agent is a little league coach or something like that?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Ryan, Glenn can give you through some of the percentages we give out, but this is not a and/or conversation. A lot of times people are like, well, they want to buy direct or through an agent. It's an and. Like we'll sell to people anyway they want. Like if you want to start online, buy from an agent, you want to call an agent, buy online, like we're just there to -- like we want to sell as much as we can to as many people as we can through as many ways as we can.
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
It's a challenging question, I'll tell you, because there's a lot of stops in the process, where for example, people go online, they start to get a quote, and the agency that's nearest to them pops up with that quote and they decide to drop off, make a phone call. And that's one path. There's multiple paths people take through. The vast majority of our business is written by a local agent.
That said, all the data and research out there tells you that the vast majority of people start their process online and at least get some understanding and then want to talk to somebody about it. So we've got a mix of that and imperfect data for me to give you any more specifics on that.
Ryan Tunis -- Autonomous Research LLP -- Analyst
And then I was hoping if you could give us a bit of a peek on some these new product initiatives. I guess, in particular, I'm trying to understand the price sensitivity or whatever. I mean obviously you're captive agent. Are you thinking new business pricing down 10% or something like that? I'm just trying to understand, like how much of a driver do you think that is for potential new issued applications?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Ryan, I'm not sure we understood the question. We're not -- maybe you could rephrase it.
Ryan Tunis -- Autonomous Research LLP -- Analyst
Yeah. No, so I'll ask it this way. Like two or three years ago Travelers was obviously an independent agent player. They just announced that they were cutting new business prices by 10%. I could see how that could have more of an impact in like an agency distribution channel versus the captive. I'm wondering if that's how you see it as well or if you think that -- am I missing something or is there a similar level of price elasticity in captive as what you might see an agent? Like could that be a big driver for growth?
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Let me maybe start with the last piece and work my way up and anybody else wants to jump in. So first they're -- it's, of course, always hard to tell how much price elasticity there is within an agency. In general, you would think that an agency that had multiple companies and could share those multiple quotes with, there will be more price elasticity than in a captive agent.
That said people call around three or four people and get their points of view. So auto insurance, in particular, is price sensitive, although we've talked at length us trying to have profitable growth. That's what we're trying to do. The redesign of the products is on all of our products, auto, home, and a variety of different products where there are things we think we can do to make them less complicated. And so, for example, this year we rewrote the renters' policy in one state and took its size down by 40%. That gets to less complexity, helping customers understand it. So we're doing [Indecipherable]. But we also have a variety of other products in the Circle of Protection we're trying to get to.
So we don't sell Identity Protection today through our Allstate agents. Makes sense that we have customers who come to Allstate agents probably would like to have their identity projected. How do we do that? How do we get the systems to work? How do we get the technology platform to it? Has Glenn [Phonetic] factored into compensation and everything else is something we're working, and that's part of transformative growth on a longer basis. So we have many products we sell through many channels, but we don't sell all of our products through all of our channels. And that's part of transformative growth is how do we sell more of what we sell already in more of the places that we sell.
Ryan Tunis -- Autonomous Research LLP -- Analyst
Thanks.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Does that get to your -- I think that get, sorry. Okay. We probably have time for one more question. How about one more question.
Operator
Our final question then for today comes from the line of Michael Zaremski from Credit Suisse. Your question please.
Michael Zaremski -- Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. First question, if I -- the P&C investment portfolio duration has increased fairly measurably over the last few years, up to five-plus years now. I was just curious, do you continue to see that elongating? Are you kind of at the high end of your kind of the range you're comfortable with versus kind of the duration of liabilities?
John Dugenske -- President of Investments and Financial Products
Yeah. Hey, Mike. It's John. Thanks for the question. Look, you never know exactly what the future holds. So we're always going to respond to economic conditions, overall risk and environment of our firm, and structure the portfolio that way. I would say that what we've seen in terms of the duration extension in recent time and a lot of that's taken place in the last 18 months, was a more of a reaction back to strategic norm, as interest rates had been rising prior to that with the Fed -- with the cycle that the Fed was in, we thought that it was prudent to stay a little bit short and look to recapture higher yields at a better -- when there is a better opportunity.
We coupled that with a little bit -- if you go back 18 to 24 months, the economic situation in the US and the world was different. It was softer at that time and it wasn't clear that policymakers were going to engage. They were in a tightening cycle. We thought that they needed to engage. We also wanted to put a little bit of inflation protector or recession protection back in the portfolio. When you have more duration, if the economy falls off, it tends to help your portfolio and balance it out more.
So we did actively highly coordinated internally with all our risk processes, extend the duration. It had a number of benefits that we're pleased with. It did increase income, which is a positive. It also did build in a more balanced portfolio, balance out our risk-based assets. And if you look at -- this isn't perfect math, but if you look back at where rates were when we did most of the extension relative to where they are today, it's been a great price increase in our fixed income securities. Rates are roughly market yields when you include where treasuries were and where corporates are, are roughly about 100 basis points lower than that time.
So going forward, we'll will continue to monitor. What I can assure you is that it will be highly coordinated inside. Tom talked earlier about our numerous processes, our capital allocation process with investments. We also work very closely with our enterprise risk group to make sure that these are -- all our moves are well understood and we will -- we believe that proactive management investment portfolio is a way to add value to the enterprise.
Michael Zaremski -- Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC -- Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. Yeah, definitely, it's been a great call. Lastly, clearly, a lot of questions about the new commission structure. Maybe curious, has policy growth -- has it been -- is it more and more weighted toward maybe a disproportionately smaller percentage of agencies? Is that changed over the years? I know commission structure did change a number of years ago, too, and it seems like it worked out OK. Sales didn't fall apart. Maybe you could -- any color there would be great.
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
I mean what Glenn's -- what our strategy is to have all of our agents growing and all of them be productive. You point out, not all of them get there every year. Sometimes that's what we do in a local market -- local market conditions, some of that's what they do or they don't do. So we don't -- this commission change wasn't to address a problem. It was to seize an opportunity. And I think commission is -- we've moved commissions around frequently. Like it's not -- it happens all the time. People do it all the businesses they're in. What our goal is to make sure that their objectives are aligned with our objectives.
Thank you all for -- let me just close by saying thank you. We had a good 2019. We're focused on transformative growth in 2020, and we'll talk to you next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 63 minutes
Call participants:
Mark Nogal -- Director of Investor Relations
Tom Wilson -- Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
Mario Rizzo -- Chief Financial Officer
Glenn Shapiro -- President of Personal Property-Liability
John Dugenske -- President of Investments and Financial Products
Steve Shebik -- Vice Chair
Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities LLC -- Analyst
C. Gregory Peters -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Paul Newsome -- Piper Sandler & Co. -- Analyst
Yaron Kinar -- Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC -- Analyst
David Motemaden -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst
Amit Kumar -- The Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst
Ryan Tunis -- Autonomous Research LLP -- Analyst
Michael Zaremski -- Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC -- Analyst
