Biogen (BIIB) Q1 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Biogen (BIIB 3.99%)
Q1 2022 Earnings Call
May 03, 2022, 8:00 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good morning. My name is Cecilia, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Biogen first quarter 2022 earnings call and business update. [Operator instructions].

Thank you. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Mike Hencke, head of investor relations. Mr.

Hencke, you may begin your conference.

Michael Hencke -- Head of Investor Relations

Thank you. Good morning, and welcome to Biogen's first quarter 2022 earnings call. Before we begin, I encourage everyone to go to the investors section of biogen.com to find the earnings release and related financial tables, including our GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of the GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures that we will discuss today. Our GAAP financials are provided in Tables 1 and 2 and Table 4 includes a reconciliation of our GAAP to non-GAAP financial results.

We believe non-GAAP financial results better represent the ongoing economics of our business and reflects how we manage the business internally. We have also posted slides on our website that follow the discussions related to this call. I would like to point out that we will be making forward-looking statements, which are based on our current expectations and beliefs. These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and our actual results may differ materially.

I encourage you to consult the risk factors discussed in our SEC filings for additional detail. On today's call, I am joined by our chief executive officer, Michel Vounatsos; Dr. Priya Singhal, interim head of research and development; and our CFO, Mike McDonnell. As a reminder, during the Q&A portion of the call, we kindly ask that you limit yourself to one question.

I will now turn the call over to Michel.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Mike. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We continue to execute on our core business objectives in the first quarter. Mike and Priya will review our quarterly performance and recent progress in R&D, while I focus on our strategy and near-term operational priorities.

Let me start with a few comments on the recent national coverage determination by CMS for amyloid beta targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. This decision effectively denies all Medicare beneficiaries access to Aduhelm. We are very disappointed by the final NCD. And as a result, we will substantially eliminate our commercial infrastructure for Aduhelm.

We will retain minimal resources to manage patients access programs, including a continued free drug program for patients currently on treatment in the U.S. We expect to continue funding certain regulatory and R&D activities for Aduhelm, including the continuation of our EMBARK redosing study and the initiation of our phase 4 post-marketing requirement study ENVISION. Additional actions regarding Aduhelm may be informed by upcoming data readouts expected for this class of antibodies as well as further engagement with the FDA and CMS. In parallel, we are committed to working closely with Eisai on the potential launch of lecanemab.

We are now looking forward as we work to advance our broader pipeline, including lecanemab and zuranolone, execute on our base business, and deploy our capital in the best interest of shareholders. We recognize that Biogen is facing a number of near-term challenges. These challenges, including generic erosion of Tecfidera, competition for SPINRAZA in biosimilars in [Inaudible] and a declining profit share from RITUXAN in the U.S. These challenges are all part of the biopharmaceutical business life cycle, and we believe that potential new product launches such as lecanemab, zuranolone, and additional biosimilars can help return the company to grow over time.

Further, we see the potential for additional growth driver in the mid- to late 2020s in other areas such as stroke, lupus, and Parkinson's disease and, of course, we will be pursuing new business development opportunities as well. However, given that we are in a long product cycle business and in light of the CMS decision, we recognize there is more we must do today to provide better clarity and visibility into the company's future. Let me share the priority actions we are implementing now. First, we are increasing our focus on R&D prioritization with the goal of maximizing the probability of success, which Priya will further discuss.

This prioritization process will be informed in part by key data readouts expected in 2022. In Alzheimer's disease, together with Eisai, we plan to complete the rolling submission for lecanemab under the Accelerated Approval Pathway in the U.S. during the second quarter of this year. In addition, we expect a readout of the phase 3 Clarity AD, complementary trial for lecanemab this fall.

Based on the results of the study, we plan to submit for full FDA approval by the first quarter of 2023 with the opportunity for lecanemab to become the first anti-amyloid antibody to obtain full approval for Alzheimer's disease in the U.S. In neuropsychiatry, we are working with Sage to advance zuranolone as an important new potential option for MDD and PPD. We recently initiated the rolling submission of the zuranolone in MDD and expect to complete the filing in the second half of 2022. We also look forward to the phase 3 SKYLARK study readout in PPD, expected mid this year with an associated filing for PPD anticipated early next year.

Also in neuropsychiatry, we expect the phase 2 readout for B104 in cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia in mid-2022. Second, we will implement additional cost reduction and productivity measures above and beyond our previously communicated initiatives to further align our costs with our revenue base. These measures will include the substantial elimination of our commercial infrastructure supporting Aduhelm as well as other cost reduction while we continue to fund promising pipeline and commercial opportunities. Third, we are executing on international growth opportunities with a focus on key emerging markets, such as China and certain markets in both Latin America and the Middle East.

This includes the continued launch of SPINRAZA and may also include pursuing local business development opportunities. Both -- we plan to drive renewed growth in our biosimilars business, although our portfolio of NTMS products slightly past the peak of its life cycle. We currently have four more programs in development, and in the near term, we are preparing to launch BYOOVIZ, referencing LUCENTIS in the U.S. in the coming half.

Our fifth near-term priority is capital allocation. Biogen is fortunate to have a strong balance sheet with $4.8 billion in cash as of the end of the quarter and modest net debt, as well as strong cash flow generation. Going forward, we plan to continue to focus the deployment of cash toward initiatives designed to create incremental revenue growth opportunities while continuing to return cash to shareholders through share repurchases. In summary, the challenges faced by the company over the last -- the past 12 months have been significant.

We are committed to taking advantage of all the strengths we have, including our talent, our commercial portfolio, our manufacturing capabilities, our pipeline, which includes 10 programs in phase 3 filed and, of course, our strong balance sheet to deliver on the performance that is expected from us. Let me conclude by saying that it has been an honor to lead this outstanding company during such a challenging period of time and to work closely with so many dedicated and talented colleagues. I am very proud of all that we have achieved. I want to thank the board of directors and my colleagues for their support during this period.

I will be leaving at a time of promise for Biogen with noteworthy potential for value creation, and I look forward working with my successor through a smooth transition. I will now turn the call over to Priya for an update on our recent progress in R&D.

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Thank you, Michel, and good morning, everyone. As Michel mentioned, we are enhancing our focus on dynamic R&D prioritization with the goal of ensuring a sustainable pipeline that can deliver on Biogen's vision of a multi-franchise portfolio. We will continue to invest in R&D in a disciplined manner, including pursuing new and external opportunities with a potentially different risk/reward profile encompassing those within our core neuroscience therapeutic areas as well as select investments in therapeutic adjacencies. This approach will be informed by emerging scientific data, as well as internal and external readouts.

As part of our overall prioritization strategy, we may choose to accelerate, terminate, divest, or partner certain programs. In addition, we will continue to advance key capabilities such as functional genomics, patient identification, novel modalities, biomarkers, and clinical outcome measures. The goal being to reduce risk, accelerate clinical development, and increase the probability of success in achieving positive proof of concept. I will now share the R&D highlights of the quarter.

Starting with Alzheimer's disease. In addition to continuing the progress with lecanemab U.S. filing and the phase 3 study, Eisai presented data at the annual ADPD meeting this past March showing that lecanemab treatment in the core phase 2b study resulted in a dose and time-dependent reduction of brain amyloid as measured by PET SUVR and that the reduction of brain amyloid was co-related with changes in two important peripheral biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology, specifically an increase in plasma ABN42 to 40 ratio and a decrease in plasma phospho-tau 181, respectively. Furthermore, these biomarker changes were correlated with clinical benefit as assessed by the change from baseline in the clinical dementia rating scale, Sum of Boxes.

Notably, however, these peripheral biomarkers gradually began to reverse upon discontinuation of lecanemab treatment at the end of the core study, suggesting that stopping dosing prematurely may allow reaccumulation of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Eisai also presented additional information on ARIA from the lecanemab phase 2b study. This included the incidence of ARIA-E in the open-label extension where ARIA-E was observed in less than 10% of participants receiving 10-milligram per kg lecanemab biweekly and a symptomatic ARIA rate of less than 2%, consistent with the core study. We look forward to further defining the safety and efficacy of lecanemab through the larger phase 3 Clarity AD study.

Biogen and Eisai are currently evaluating subcutaneous dosing in a substudy of the Clarity AD open-label extension, which will evaluate subcutaneous injections compared to IV infusions. This is in addition to the ongoing AHEAD 345 study evaluating lecanemab in people with preclinical Alzheimer's disease or prior to cognitive impairment, which was initiated back in 2020. Beyond lecanemab, Biogen continues to pursue new treatments across molecular targets in Alzheimer's disease. This includes actively planning for the phase 2 study of BIIB080, our tau ASO, and initiation of dosing in the phase 1 study of BIIB113.

BIIB113 is a small molecule inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase or OGA, an enzyme believed to catalyze the removal of post-translational modification of the tau protein. By inhibiting OGA, we aim to increase the O-GlcNAcylation of tau to potentially inhibit tau aggregation and thereby slow clinical decline. As Michel mentioned, with aducanumab, we are also continuing to collect data in our EMBARK redosing study and working toward the initiation of Aduhelm phase 4 post-marketing requirement study ENVISION. Moving to neuropsychiatry.

Biogen and Sage recently announced that we initiated the rolling submission of a new drug application to the FDA for zuranolone in MDD. We expect to complete the filing in the second half of this year. We were also excited to announce that the zuranolone phase 3 CORAL study in major depressive disorder met the primary endpoint and key secondary endpoint. The CORAL study was a randomized blinded trial designed to assess rapidity of response when zuranolone 15 milligrams is co-initiated with an open-label standard of care antidepressant or ADT versus placebo who initiated with ADT, as measured by the change from baseline on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Top line results showed that zuranolone co-initiated with ADT resulted in a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms at day three, the primary endpoint and the earliest time point measured, as well as over the full two-week treatment period as compared to placebo co-initiated with ADT. Zuranolone was generally well tolerated with most treatment-emergent adverse events reported as mild to moderate. In MDD, zuranalone has now delivered four positive randomized controlled trials in total, as well as important insights on repeat treatment from the SHORELINE study, a large prospective naturalistic study in MDD. While these trials were designed to address different questions, we see a consistent profile of zuranolone that includes rapid reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the standard of care antidepressants, a consistent tolerability profile with a low discontinuation rate due to adverse events and without observed weight gain, sexual dysfunction, or suicidal ideation; a short course of treatment that can be potentially taken as needed; and a flexible treatment approach that may provide optionality to HCPs and patients.

This is in addition to positive data from the phase 3 ROBIN study of zuranolone in postpartum depression. We look forward to the phase 3 SKYLARK study readout in PPD expected by midyear with an associated filing for PPD anticipated early next year. We look forward to potentially bringing a rapid onset, well-tolerated oral antidepressant with sustained effects, and a new mechanism of action to patients suffering from depression. Moving to ALS.

We previously reported that while the phase 3 VALOR study for tofersen in SOD1 ALS, a rare genetic form of ALS, did not achieve the primary endpoint of a statistically significant change on the ALSFRS-R at week 28 versus placebo. We did observe signs of reduced disease progression across multiple secondary and exploratory endpoints. We plan to present integrated data from the phase 3 VALOR study and a new interim analysis of its ongoing open-label extension at the upcoming [Inaudible] meeting in June. This interim analysis includes data from participants with SOD1-ALS who had the opportunity for at least one year of follow-up from the start of VALOR.

Long-term data on measures of function, strength, quality of life, and survival will be presented. We also continue to recruit for ATLAS, a study evaluating tofersen in presymptomatic participants with a confirmed SOD1 mutation, while also supporting the global Toferson Expanded Access Program, which includes approximately 120 people with SOD1-ALS to date from more than a dozen countries. We also remain engaged with regulators on potential next steps for tofersen. As you can see, 2022 is an important year for Biogen R&D with several important milestones expected as we continue to advance a diversified pipeline that contains a total of 32 clinical programs with 10 programs in either phase 3 or being filed.

These milestones include key regulatory filings, mid- to late-stage readouts in both Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatry, initiation of late-stage studies in Parkinson's disease, and starting a pivotal study in cutaneous lupus erythematosus, in addition to ongoing recruitment for two phase 3 lupus programs in SLE, as well as planning next steps for the BIIB131 stroke program. In summary, we are taking actions that we believe will enable delivery of a number of potential first-in-class and best-in-class molecules to patients suffering from diseases with significant unmet need. I will now pass the call over to Mike.

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Priya, and good morning, everyone. I will provide some key highlights around the financial performance for the quarter and review our full year 2022 guidance. Please note that all financial comparisons are versus the prior year, unless otherwise noted. Total revenue for the first quarter was $2.5 billion.

Our MS business inclusive of Ocrevus royalties delivered $1.6 billion in revenue. Tecfidera continues to be impacted by generic entry in the U.S. and was negatively impacted by pricing pressure outside of the U.S. Vumerity first quarter global revenue was $128 million.

We are pleased with Vumerity's trajectory in the U.S. and are making good progress toward launching in up to 20 markets outside the U.S. this year. TYSABRI global revenue increased 3%.

In the U.S., TYSABRI revenue benefited from favorable pricing that more than offset modest volume declines. Outside the U.S., we were pleased to see continued patient growth. Interferon global revenue declined by 23% due to the continued shift from the injectable platforms to oral or high efficacy therapies. Moving now to SMA.

SPINRAZA global revenue declined 9%. In the U.S., although revenue growth of 10% was driven by positive channel dynamics, we were encouraged to see new patient starts at the highest levels in over two years and a continued slowdown of discontinuations versus the prior quarter. Outside the U.S., the revenue decline was driven primarily by the timing of shipments in certain markets, competition, and negative currency impacts, partially offset by strong initial uptake in China as this was the first full quarter since receiving national reimbursement in China. Global SPINRAZA revenue grew 7% versus Q4 of 2021, driven by solid sequential performance outside the U.S.

as well as some seasonality dynamics in the U.S. Moving to our biosimilars business, revenue declined 5%. While volume increased, this was more than offset by pricing pressure and negative currency impacts. In April, we completed the transaction to sell our equity stake in our biosimilar joint venture.

As a reminder, the economics for anti-TNF and ophthalmology programs will be substantially unchanged. In addition, we are preparing to launch BYOOVIZ the U.S. in the coming months. We expect a gradual launch with more meaningful revenue contribution starting in 2023.

Overall, we expect full year biosimilars revenue to decrease versus the prior year due to pricing pressure in Europe. Total anti-CD20 revenue grew 3% with increased Ocrevus royalties being partially offset by a continued decline in RITUXAN revenues due to biosimilar competition. First quarter gross margin was negatively impacted by a $275 million charge for Aduhelm inventory write-offs, as well as approximately $45 million of idle capacity charges. Note that Eisai's share of these charges is reflected in the collaboration profit sharing line.

Moving now to expenses and the balance sheet. Q1 non-GAAP R&D expense was $552 million. Non-GAAP SG&A was $635 million, including approximately $80 million related to [Inaudible]. Eisai's share of these costs are also reflected in the collaboration profit sharing line.

First quarter collaboration profit sharing reduced our net operating expense by $117 million, which includes reimbursement of approximately $182 million from Eisai, partially offset by $64 million of net profit sharing expense related to our collaboration with Samsung Bioepis. In the first quarter, we generated approximately $162 million in cash flow from operations, which was negatively impacted by the timing of certain payments. Capital expenditures were $58 million and free cash flow was approximately $104 million. We ended the quarter with $7.3 billion in debt, $4.8 billion in cash and marketable securities, and $2.5 billion in net debt.

We subsequently also received approximately $1 billion from the sale of our JV equity to Samsung Biologics. Additionally, our $1 billion revolving credit facility was undrawn as of the end of the quarter. Overall, we remain in a very strong financial position with significant cash and financial capacity to invest in growing the business over the long term. Let me now turn to our updated full year guidance for 2022.

We are reaffirming our full year revenue guidance of $9.7 billion to $10 billion. This revenue guidance reflects the strengthening of the U.S. dollar from January 1 through April 29, resulting in an estimated currency headwind of approximately $120 million, net of hedging activities. We are also reaffirming our full year non-GAAP diluted EPS guidance of $14.25 to $16 despite the $0.76 impact of Aduhelm inventory write-offs as well as an impact of approximately $0.35 related to the strengthening of the dollar that I just mentioned.

Although our prior guidance did not assume either the inventory write-offs or the currency headwinds, we believe the additional cost measures announced today as well as better performance in our base business can largely offset these impacts. This financial guidance assumes continued declines in RITUXAN revenue due to biosimilar competition as well as continued erosion of Tecfidera revenue in the U.S. due to generic entry. This guidance also continues to assume the potential entry of Tecfidera generics in the EU in the second quarter of 2022.

We expect to decrease revenue from these high-margin products as well as the Aduhelm inventory charges to reduce our gross margin percentage when compared with 2021. This guidance reflects the initial implementation of the additional cost reduction and productivity measures, which Michel discussed. These additional measures are expected to yield approximately $500 million in annualized savings in addition to the previously communicated initiatives already targeting approximately $500 million in annualized savings. This brings total expected annualized savings to approximately $1 billion, a portion of which will be reinvested in strategic initiatives over the coming years.

We expect non-GAAP R&D expense to be between $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion, which is unchanged from our previous guidance. Non-GAAP SG&A expense is expected to be between $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion, which is a decrease from prior guidance of $2.5 billion to $2.6 billion, which is due to the additional cost reduction measures just mentioned, which we expect to primarily impact the third and fourth quarters. This guidance assumes that foreign exchange rates as of April 29 will remain in effect for the remainder of the year, net of hedging activities and does not contemplate any further strengthening or weakening of the dollar throughout the year. We assume that we will utilize a portion of the remaining share repurchase authorization of $2.8 billion throughout the year.

Please see our press release for other important guidance assumptions. So in summary, we continue to execute on our core business objectives this quarter and are now focused on a set of near-term operational priorities, which we believe can drive value creation over time. We'll now open the call for questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions]. Your first question comes from the line of Matthew Harrison from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Matthew Harrison -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Great. Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Michel, I was hoping you could comment on the CEO transition here in terms of timing as well as what the board is looking for in terms of the successor, and wishing you all the best in the transition.

Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Matthew. Five and a half years is a good term and if you look at my professional history, this was approximately the tenure in every key posting that I've had. I've given a lot, and I will continue to do so as a priority during the transition to support the team so that we can continue to deliver. Today, we reaffirmed our guidance.

The business momentum is going as well as it could despite the competition and the life cycle events that we are facing. We are exciting about -- excited about the readouts to come. And the adu and the anti-amyloid story is still unfolding. So the story will continue.

And I'm very excited about the opportunity to have new readouts in that space that will best inform everything we've heard, including decisions. So the CEO transition is a natural event. And is there always an ideal timing? I'm not sure. But I think that after five and a half years, while we have a strategy that is pretty visible to all of you being a specialized company in neuroscience with some immuno assets that are very important and in phase 3 with the biosimilars and the digital health, I think the company is well positioned.

It's good to have at one stage somebody else who comes with the support of the board and basically revisit the assumptions. So I think that this will be good for everyone involved. And my focus again will be on the company. It's not about me.

It's about the company, on the team and on a smooth transition. Business continues. I will be meeting all of you in the coming days in person in Boston and New York. I will be traveling with my team in Asia at the end of the week to meet our key partners and potential future partners and support our team and meet with PMDA also.

So the business continues, and I will be at the top of it until the last second.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Umer Raffat from Evercore. Please go ahead.

Umer Raffat -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess I'll focus on cost for a second. And I guess I'm just trying to get at what is the actual cost savings? I'm partially confused because SG&A guidance was cut, but -- sorry, SG&A was cut, but the overall guidance was unchanged.

Or maybe just a simple way to think about it is where are we truly headed on opex over the next coming medium term? Because I just think back to when I first started covering Biogen, you were a leader in MS, you had over $4 billion in marketed MS revenues, but the SG&A was only $1 billion. Now the market MS revenue is $5 billion, meaning a little higher. But the SG&A is $2.5 billion. And of course, you have some biosimilars and SPINRAZA.

And I'm not necessarily saying $2.5 billion goes down to $1 billion, but can we see a substantial SG&A rebasing of the business? Thank you very much.

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes, Umer, it's Mike. Thank you for the question. So the cost savings that we mentioned today, the additional $500 million run rate, that will be largely tied to the Aduhelm infrastructure. And we talked about that on our last call that we had initially expected about a $400 million number in 2022.

And so obviously, that will be cut substantially. So in the SG&A guide where we took that down by about $200 million, that largely is a significant piece of it. Beyond that, we will obviously look at some of the non-revenue facing pieces in G&A and others in order to achieve that run rate. And as we've said in our prepared remarks, we may invest certain portions of that $500 million in savings into the -- into future growth initiatives with the overall priority being to return to growth.

I will say in closing that as it relates to guidance, we were able to reaffirm our guidance, notwithstanding the inventory write-offs and the currency headwinds that we were facing. And that was really a result of two things. One is the cost initiatives, and then the second was that the top line has performed a little bit better than what we had originally expected at the beginning of the year. And I would point to SPINRAZA MS as well as the CD20s being a little bit stronger than expected, and that impact between the cost savings and the revenue.

It's about half and half that contribute to our ability to hold the EPS in the same place. So we'll continue to take necessary cost measures to align with the revenue trajectory of the business. And hopefully, that's some helpful color.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

And a couple of comments to consider, Umer. The first one is that at that time where you started to cover, it was mostly U.S. business only, OK? And this is not the case today. And the second point is that there were very few DMTs in the class, and now it's extremely crowded and Biogen is still the leader globally in each one of those being SMA, being MS, and being NTMS in Europe.

So this takes some muscles and, obviously, skills. And we have made tremendous progress in terms of using digitalization and all the means of engaging, but we get the point, and this is compounded by the investment we have made on Aduhelm that we're eliminating.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Robyn Karnauskas from Truist Securities. Please go ahead.

Robyn Karnauskas -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. So the first one was just for Priya. You had talked about how new data showing lecanemab.

When you stop it, it suggests that you could have some decline in cognition. Can you just talk about any more updates as to why you think that is? And if you think there's a difference in the mechanism versus Lilly's drug? Another thing you mentioned, you did mention also about potentially divesting products. I wanted to know if you could elaborate on what you're referring to. Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Priya?

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Yes. Thank you for that question. So first of all, let me touch upon lecanemab. I think that the data that I referred to is data from the gap period in the open label, which was followed by the open-label extension in the phase 2 study.

And I think what it shows you is that the science on this aspect of what is the ideal treatment duration is emerging. And that's really the point that we need to kind of take away from this. So the field is evolving. There were two biomarkers, ABN42 to 40 ratio, as well as plasma phospho-tau 181.

And we saw a reversal in both in the wrong direction. So I think that how we are trying to address this is -- Eisai is actually taking a lead on it because they are assessing how maintenance can be applied, and they are doing this in their open-label extension in the phase 2 study. So there's more data probably that will read out in the upcoming period as they learn more. And I think with donanemab, you asked me for a comparison, I can only speak to the data that I've seen in the public domain.

And I think that what we haven't seen is the after effects of long-term follow-up. We haven't seen a similar effect of what happens to amyloid plaques, of what happens to phospo-tau once lecanemab is stopped. And I think that, that data would be relevant for us to make a fair comparison. At the moment, I think what we believe, along with Eisai and what we see, is that stopping prematurely can cause a reversal.

So hopefully, that answers that part of the question. And then the second part of your question was about divestiture. And I'll just step back and say that we are looking across our entire portfolio, our R&D portfolio, and making integrated decisions on prioritization. What do I mean by this? I mean that we're looking at our disease areas, we're looking at our therapeutic areas, we're looking at where we are leaders, where we have a lot of internal expertise, and we are prioritizing accordingly and being good stewards of resources.

So this is also driven in part by internal and external readouts. For example, we've just filed for zuranolone. This is a very exciting step for us in neuropsychiatry and we are expecting an upcoming readout for BIIB104, which is for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. So we'll see what that readout shows us.

But again, we will anchor to areas where we have success, we have expertise and build around those areas. The same goes for lupus. We have three programs in lupus and we will continue to build out those areas as we see readouts and data. we may also consider expansion of indications.

So everything is really on the table and we're trying to be very disciplined about an integrated prioritization and methodology. Now within that integrated prioritization, we may have assets where we believe that they may have -- be better utilized by partnering them or by externalizing them. This is what I meant by divest. So hopefully, that addresses it.

It's just one part of a much larger, synchronized, integrated R&D strategy. Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Operator, we'll take the next question please. Operator, if you are there, we cannot hear you. OK. We're having technical difficulties.

We'll try to rejoin the call. 

Operator

Pardon the interruption, ladies and gentlemen. We are experiencing a momentary interruption. Just bear with us. Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. This is the Biogen team. We're rejoining the call.

Operator

Thank you, sir. We will now take our next question from Salveen Richter from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Salveen Richter -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. In terms of your capital allocation strategy to drive growth, how much of a priority is business development?

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Salveen, Mike McDonnell, and thank you very much for the question. Business development has been and continues to be a priority. And we have a pipeline that we feel good about, and we will continue to look to supplement that through business development transactions as we have done in the past. And at the same time, we will continue to return capital to shareholders.

So it will continue to be a balance and business development has been and will continue to be a priority.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Michael Yee from Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Thank you. Appreciate the question. Following up on Michel and Priya's comments around R&D portfolio prioritization. Is it safe to say that you would consider anything on the table in terms of divesting, partnering, out-licensing, bringing in stuff, but just the concept that anything is on the table with regards to even including product lines or franchises that the whole portfolio and always is all on the table.

Can you clarify that? Thank you so much.

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Thank you, Michael. Yes, I would say that across the board, we are going to be driven by science and integration and maximizing the value that we bring to patients with diseases of high unmet need. So I think we would evaluate all options. But I think the science has to be the driver, and that's how we would do the evaluations.

So yes, exactly as you said.

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Would you include commercialization businesses and franchises as well?

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Potentially for some, but not for all. I think that Biogen will remain on the upper hand on a few priorities, but we'll be open to look for partnering on others. But it's for Priya and the team to determine with the support of the governance of the company.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Cory Kasimov from J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.

Cory Kasimov -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I'm curious, what is significantly scaling back Aduhelm's commercial infrastructure, say, if anything, about your expectations for the phase 3 lecanemab data? Or is it simply too long to wait until you get full approval even if lecanemab is successful in Clarity AD? And along those lines, can you remind us of how your responsibilities for commercialization on that front might be any different than with Aduhelm? Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

So we do expect the phase 3 readout in the fall of this year. And we are discussing in full alignment with a partner the operational details beyond lecanemab. But based on the timing it will make no sense to carry such a long team, such a large team for such a long time. So I think it's the right decision.

The preparation that was made on the infrastructure is there, and there is certainly a big benefit for the entire class moving forward. But we could not afford to keep the team, unfortunately, for that many months. So I think it's the right decision. Our sentiment for lecanemab does not change, just to be clear.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Marc Goodman from SVB. Please go ahead.

Marc Goodman -- SVB Leerink Partners -- Analyst

Yes. Good morning. Just to continue on with the R&D topic. I think the view from the outside world has been that the pipeline has always been a little bit high risk, high reward, and that's probably not that surprising just because this is CNS.

But now that you're going to take a look at the pipeline and really kind of change the way you're viewing things, how much does that change, factor into whether you start to diversify more away from CNS? And if you're going to stay within CNS mostly, how do you change the probability of success projects to lower risk projects? And how do you do all of this change, given that there's also a management change going on? And how much board is supportive and I think you understand the context of the question. Thank you.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, absolutely. And I think it's a very important question. It's all about having the right priorities and somehow rebalancing the risk profile of the portfolio. And we know that.

And this goes with neuroscience. But Priya will say more.

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Yes. Thank you, Marc. It's a really pertinent question here. So I think the two -- it's a two-pronged approach.

Number one, we're going to be driven by the science. We're going to stay within neuroscience. So I think at this point, I want to be very clear that we stay within neuroscience. It's a very important part of our expertise, our talent pool, and we are continuing to build on our strengths there.

But we are definitely open to adjacencies. We've already demonstrated -- for example, as I mentioned with the zuranolone filing and with the 104 readout coming on its heels. In addition, I think that we are working in lupus. So that's a specialized immunology field.

And we may consider other indications, we may consider other potential opportunities in the space. So that's one way in which we would diversify and rebalance our risk. Because as you know, the probability of technical and regulatory success changes as you move out of neuroscience. But given our core expertise of neuroscience and all the learnings we've had, we believe we have a lot of asymmetrical knowledge in the space.

And in that space, we are continuing to enhance our probability of success, maximize it, in fact, by building on our strengths in biomarkers, clinical development, functional genomics, human validation. So we believe that these are the methodologies, which will help us sort of increase our probability of success and give us the ability to deliver on proof of concepts. So it's a two-pronged strategy. And add to that our four pillars, which you already know about, biosimilars and digital health.

We're also looking at integration, right, with digital options. So this really goes beyond a very narrow focus. It looks at the portfolio in totality and the value that the portfolio brings in totality. And it's -- we have the expertise in terms of modalities.

We have all modalities available to us. So we're looking at targets, and we're looking at the best modality. We're not looking at modalities and how do we kind of exploit those. We're looking at it in the reverse way.

We're looking at disease target and then what's the best modality to go forward with. I hope that gives you a bit of a glimpse of how we're approaching this. Thank you. Can I just address the last part.

I meant to add that you asked about how we would do this in a board setting, in a management setting. I want to say that I have a lot of authority currently, and I am making decisions on prioritization. So that, I hope, will go forward.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Brian Abrahams from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Brian Abrahams -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Good morning. Thanks so much for taking my question. Best wishes to Michel with the transition. What's your latest sense of the FDA stance on accelerated approval for beta amyloid antibodies, just with some of the changes in leadership and initiatives at the agency? And then I know the FDA has agreed that Clarity AD could serve as a confirmatory study following accelerated approval of lecanemab.

But can you clarify, if you don't receive accelerated approval, whether that phase 3 could stand on its own to support full approval or whether you need an additional study? Thanks.

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you for the comments. Priya?

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Thank you. So I'll just step back, Brian, and say that accelerated approval pathway is a very, very highly rigorous and scientific regulatory pathway. It's existed for several years now. And several products have come through the pathway and many patients around the United States have benefited from this access.

So I know that there's a lot of dialogue, and I'm reading the same as you are. But I don't believe that at any point right now, there is going to be a potential major shift. There could be enhancements, there could be sort of refinements. I'm sure that could happen to any regulatory pathway as more learnings are obtained.

But I don't believe that our confidence has been shaken in the accelerated approval pathway. It remains a critical way in which you can bring products to patients who really need them today. So that's number one. Number two, I'll say that with Clarity AD, the strategy has been -- and I think this has been publicly communicated by Eisai and us, so I'm just quoting that, that they have filed -- they've initiated the filing based on the phase 2 study, as you know.

And that is via the Accelerated Approval Pathway. There is agreement from the FDA. And Eisai have commented on this publicly as well, that Clarity AD could serve as a confirmatory study. Now to your question that what if the Clarity AD is unclear or ambiguous, could they still get approval, could we still get approval? I think that would be very speculative for me to comment on.

What I think would be a reasonable way forward, depending on the data, would be to have that discussion with the FDA. Because the science here is complex, as we've seen. And I think the most important thing is to continue to evaluate the science and the data as it emerges and assess what is the strength of evidence. And I think that is really what is going to make the difference in this case.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Geoff Meacham from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Geoff Meacham -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Thanks for the question. I just wanted to jump on to other questions on lecanemab and just wanted to know, strategically, how important is having a robust Alzheimer's pipeline to you guys? I mean, when you look at the infrastructure that you have from an R&D perspective, clearly, there are lessons to be learned from adu. But I wanted to ask you, is there an opportunity or is there a potential to bring in other assets behind lecanemab to kind of further expand the Alzheimer's piece?

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Thank you. I think that, first of all, we remain committed to Alzheimer's disease. And lecanemab is -- we are very privileged and honored to have two Abeta removal agents. Aducanumab, we still continue to invest in EMBARK and ENVISION.

We think that these will have potentially very critical scientific data that can impact not only the product but also the field. So that remains very important. We continue to invest in early Alzheimer's disease programs. As I mentioned, we have a BIIB080, which is our anti-tau ASO, and then we have BIIB113, which is an OGA inhibitor.

Very different sort of approaches to tau pathology. So this remains very important. We have other assets which have yet unnamed pathways and targets, which I can't speak about, but there are many, many others as well. So we remain committed to Alzheimer's disease.

We are definitely taking all our learnings from the scientific approach, but also on how we would approach clinical development. So we are continuing to strengthen our clinical development expertise in the area. Would we be open to other assets? Yes, we continue to look and scour the external opportunities. At any given time, we are looking at many assets.

And again, as I've said, the science will drive the way. The science and the value will continue to drive the way. So that's -- I would say, yes, we are absolutely interested and we continue to remain highly, highly committed to Alzheimer's disease. Thank you.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Jay Olson from Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Jay Olson -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Thanks for taking the question. Thanks to Michel for his constant dedication to patients. My question is about the balance sheet. And if you were to pursue a larger business development transaction, how much debt would you be willing to take on? Thank you.

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Jay, it's Mike. Thanks for the question. And I think that when you look at our balance sheet, we're in a very good place. We ended the quarter with $4.8 billion of cash.

We received another $1 billion from Samsung in April. So we've got the better part of $6 billion of cash on hand. And when you look at our current debt levels, we're at two turns of EBITDA and gross debt and less than one turn net debt. So if you hypothetically added a turn of debt, not saying we wouldn't, but it's a hypothetical, that's about $8 billion worth of capacity that we have.

And I think that our goal is to deploy that as accretively as we can with the No. 1 goal being to bring ourselves back to growth over time. We've done about 30 deals and deployed about $6.5 billion in business development over the last five and a half years. We will continue to prioritize business development along with returning capital to shareholders.

It will be a balance. And I would say that we do have capacity for some incremental debt, but we've got so much cash on hand right now that adding debt is not something that we would obviously be needing or looking to do in the near term. So hopefully, that's helpful.

Operator

We will now take our next question from Phil Nadeau from Cowen & Company. Please go ahead.

Phil Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Good morning, and thanks for taking the question. As a follow-on to Brian's on the Clarity AD study. Could you talk in a bit more detail about the design of the trial, in particular, what's the powering on the primary endpoint of CDR Sum of the Boxes. What is a clinically meaningful difference between drug and placebo and CDR-SB? And then in terms of the p-value, if this is a single phase 3 study, what p-value is necessary for success? Is 0.05 sufficient or do you need 0.01? Thanks.

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Thank you So first of all, Clarity AD, we haven't spoken externally about the powering of the study, but Eisai has commented on it. In the phase 2 study, we had several arms and the outcome was empowered for CDR Sum of Boxes. That is actually very different. phase 2 has informed how phase 3 has been designed and it is powered to detect a statistically significant difference on CDR Sum of Boxes.

So that's one aspect I wanted to cover. The second is that CDR Sum of boxes, we believe, is the right primary endpoint for this patient population and for the MCI in early Alzheimer's disease. This has cognitive and functional elements. We believe that it is the most relevant primary endpoint.

And we feel that we are fairly confident in the design of the study to kind of give us the outcome. Now what kind of p-value is very hard, I would be speculating, so I won't speculate here. But we feel that the study is designed appropriately and that the results would be important to review. I think in terms of clinical meaningfulness, we have done a lot of work ourselves.

There's a lot of external dialogue. And we do believe that, honestly, the EMERGE data that we had with the 22% difference is highly clinically relevant and clinically meaningful to KMEs and to patients. So we've done a lot of work around this. And I'm sure you've seen that in the public domain.

Beyond that, I don't think I can comment on it. Thank you.

Michael Hencke -- Head of Investor Relations

Operator, I think we have time for one final question.

Operator

Thank you. We will now take our final question from Mohit Bansal from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Mohit Bansal -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Maybe a question for Mike. So just -- just trying to understand your comments on share repurchases. So given that the cash flow of the company is not as good as it used to be a couple of years back, and maybe a need for diversification or buying more assets, why share repurchases at this point are a priority in your list?

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So thank you for the question, Mohit. And obviously, we did not buy any shares back during the quarter, and you shouldn't be looking quarter to quarter because that can vary depending on what we have in the way of business development activity, timing of windows, other considerations, etc. But we do expect to utilize a portion of the $2.8 billion that remains throughout the remainder of 2022, and we continue to believe that our stock is a good investment.

But at the same time, you obviously will not see us repurchasing shares at the pace that you saw back two, three, four years ago because of the situation with Tecfidera and RITUXAN, but we do continue to see it as a good investment and it will be a balance between BD and share repurchase as we go. But we'll be smart and balanced about it. And our capital allocation, as we mentioned, is one of our key operational priorities as we look forward throughout the rest of 2022.

Michael Hencke -- Head of Investor Relations

And that concludes our call for today. Thank you, everyone, for joining us.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 58 minutes

Call participants:

Michael Hencke -- Head of Investor Relations

Michel Vounatsos -- Chief Executive Officer

Priya Singhal -- Interim Head of Research and Development

Mike McDonnell -- Chief Financial Officer

Matthew Harrison -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Umer Raffat -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Robyn Karnauskas -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Salveen Richter -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Cory Kasimov -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Marc Goodman -- SVB Leerink Partners -- Analyst

Brian Abrahams -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Geoff Meacham -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Jay Olson -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Phil Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Mohit Bansal -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

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