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DATE

Tuesday, Sept. 8, 2026 at 8:00 a.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

• Chairman and Chief Executive Officer - Nangeng Zhang
• Chief Financial Officer - James Jin Cheng
• Investor Relations - Gwyn Lauber
• Vice President of Capital Markets and Corporate Development - Liang Wang
• Senior IR Manager - Xi Zhang

TAKEAWAYS

• Total Revenue -- $31.9 million, representing a decrease from $100.2 million in the prior-year period due to lower computing power sold and decreased average selling prices.
• Product Revenue -- $13.6 million, reflecting softened demand for mining rigs resulting from a tightening of overall market demand.
• Mining Revenue -- $17.7 million, driven by bitcoin price pressure and seasonal curtailments despite consistent output.
• Computing Power Sold -- 2.5 exahash per second, representing a decline as miners became more cautious about equipment purchases in the second half of the quarter.
• Bitcoin Production -- 243 bitcoins, reflecting continued output from the company's proprietary mining operations.
• Digital Asset Treasury -- 1,915.5 bitcoins and 3,951.7 Ethereum, reaching a record high carrying value of $112 million as of June 30, 2026.
• Cash Balance -- $66.0 million, an increase from $43.0 million at the end of the first quarter reflecting focused liquidity management and cash collections.
• Gross Loss -- $29.3 million, compared to a gross profit of $9,000 in the prior-year period due to inventory write-downs and lower sales volume.
• Net Loss -- $97.6 million, which included significant non-cash items such as fair value changes in digital assets and inventory write-downs.
• Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA -- Loss of $74.9 million, broadly in line with the $76.3 million loss reported in the first quarter of 2026.
• Inventory Write-down -- $25.3 million, resulting from the decline in bitcoin prices and its impact on the market value of mining hardware.
• Installed Hashrate -- 10.1 exahash per second in non-JV projects, representing a 23.3% increase year over year.
• All-in Power Cost -- $0.043 per kilowatt hour, which management described as a competitive cost base for its mining operations.
• Project ABC Hashrate -- 4.85 exahash per second as of July 2026, an increase of 10% from the end of March following fleet upgrades.
• Share Repurchases -- $7.4 million deployed to repurchase 16.4 million ADSs as of Sept. 8, 2026, aimed at addressing what management views as an undervalued share price.
• August Asset Monetization -- $13.9 million generated from the sale of 3,952 Ethereum and 54 bitcoins to fund further share repurchases.
• Q3 Revenue Guidance -- $11 million to $15 million, reflecting management's caution regarding near-term market demand and industry inventory levels.
• Average Selling Price -- $5.50 per terahash per second, under pressure due to elevated industry inventory and aggressive competitor pricing.
• Operating Expenses -- $40.1 million, including $9.2 million in impairment charges on property and equipment.
• Mining Gross Margin -- 20% excluding depreciation, indicating that mining operations continued to cover direct operating costs like power and hosting.
• Research and Development Expenses -- $14.9 million, focused on advancing the A16 series and new Avalon Home products.
• Fair Value Loss on Digital Assets -- $9.3 million, primarily caused by the decrease in bitcoin price between March 31 and June 30, 2026.
• Project ABC Cash Receipt -- $8.4 million in cumulative cash received through August 31, 2026, including sales collections and distributions.
• A16 Series Efficiency -- 12.8 joules to 16.8 joules per terahash, representing a technological advancement over the A15 series.
• Avalon Home Revenue -- $1 million, a small but growing segment focused on combining computing with household heating needs.

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RISKS

• Zhang stated, "miner sales weakened noticeably and elevated industry inventory levels further intensified price competition," referring to the impact of market volatility in the second half of the quarter.
• Zhang warned that "miner procurement remains cautious, and the industry inventories still needs to be digested," noting that average selling prices will likely remain under pressure.
• Cheng stated, "lower market prices also affected the value of our inventory and fixed assets," explaining the cause behind significant non-cash impairment and write-down charges.

SUMMARY

Canaan Inc. (CAN -2.17%) reported a decrease in total revenue as a decline in bitcoin prices dampened demand for mining hardware. Management responded to the difficult market environment by tightening expenditures, optimizing inventory, and maintaining a competitive all-in power cost. The company expanded its digital asset treasury to record levels while simultaneously initiating a more active capital allocation strategy that involves monetizing some holdings to fund share repurchases. Looking ahead, management issued a cautious revenue outlook for the third quarter, citing ongoing industry inventory digestion and competitive pricing pressures.

• Management reaffirmed its confidence in securing one gigawatt of power resource capacity by the end of 2026.
• The company completed its transfer to the Nasdaq Capital Market and has until Jan. 11, 2027, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement.
• Chief Executive Officer Zhang noted that the company is transitioning toward mining and energy infrastructure assets that have a cost advantage and can generate sustainable cash flow.
• The company is preparing for mass production of its new Avalon Home series in the third quarter to coincide with the winter heating season in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Chief Financial Officer Cheng emphasized the distinction between short-term accounting results and long-term cash generation, indicating that the company prioritizes asset quality and computing power over the book value of older equipment.
• The company has not utilized its at-the-market offering program to raise capital since the beginning of the second quarter of 2026.
• Zhang reported that the Nordic hydro-cooled project has validated the compute-to-heat model, with 2 megawatts of equipment in operation and orders for an additional 6 megawatts.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

• ADS: American Depositary Share, representing a specific number of ordinary shares in a non-U.S. company.
• ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, a type of chip designed for a specific use, such as mining cryptocurrency.
• ATM Program: At-the-market offering, a type of follow-on offering of stock that allows a publicly traded company to raise capital by selling shares over time.
• Compute-to-heat: The process of repurposing the thermal energy generated by high-performance computing equipment for heating applications.
• Exahash per second (EH/s): A measure of the total computational power of a cryptocurrency network or hardware.
• Hash price: A metric representing the expected value of a given amount of hashing power per day, usually expressed in dollars per terahash per second.
• Terahash per second (TH/s): A unit of measurement for the speed of a mining machine's computational power.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to Canaan Inc.'s Second Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this event is being recorded. I will now hand the conference over to your speaker today, Gwyn Lauber, Investor Relations for the company. Please go ahead, Gwyn.

Gwyn Lauber: Thank you, Operator. Hello, everyone, and welcome to our earnings conference call. Joining us today are our Chairman and CEO, Nangeng Zhang, and our CFO, James Jin Cheng. Liang Wang, Vice President of Capital Markets and Corporate Development, and Xi Zhang, Senior IR Manager, will also be available during the question and answer session. Our CEO will start the call by providing an overview of the company and performance highlights for the quarter. Our CFO will then provide details on the company's operating and financial results for the period before we open up the call for your questions. Before we begin, I would like to refer you to our Safe Harbor Statement in our earnings press release.

Today's call will include forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, our outlook for the company and statements that estimate or project future operating results and the performance of the company. These statements speak only as of today, and the company assumes no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements that may be made in today's press release, call, or webcast, except as required by law. These statements do not guarantee future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions.

Please refer to the press release and the risk factors and documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recent annual report on Form 20-F for information on risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that may cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such statements. In addition, during today's call, we will discuss both GAAP financial measures and certain non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe are useful as supplemental measures of the company's performance. These non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or in isolation from, GAAP results.

You can find additional disclosures regarding these non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations with comparable GAAP results, in our earnings press release, which is posted on the company's website. With that, I will now turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Nangeng Zhang. NG, please go ahead.

Nangeng Zhang: Thank you, Gwyn. Hello everyone, this is NG, CEO of Canaan. Thank you for joining our earnings conference call today. James, our CFO, and I are here at our Singapore headquarters to share our financial results and recent business updates for the second quarter of 2026. Q2 2026 remained a difficult environment for the Bitcoin mining industry. In the first half of the quarter, Bitcoin prices recovered from approximately USD 62,000 to USD 82,000, before declining sharply and reaching a period low of about USD 58,000 at the end of the quarter. During the quarter, hash price fluctuated between USD 0.028 and USD 0.039 per terahash per second per day and remained at low levels.

At the same time, in the U.S., the capital markets and the traditional mining companies continue to shift more attention toward AI and HPC. Localized armed conflicts in certain countries and regions, and the tightening mining related policies in China and elsewhere are factors that affected miners' investment willingness and capacity. From the second half of the quarter onwards, miner sales weakened noticeably and elevated industry inventory levels further intensified price competition. During the quarter, the company generated total revenues of approximately USD 32 million, below our previous guidance range of USD 35 million to USD 45 million. We sold 2.5 exahash per second of computing power, and our mining business produced 243 Bitcoins.

When we issued guidance in May, our demand outlook was primarily based on the market conditions in the first half of the quarter. We did not fully expect the later decline in the demand and pricing. In the second half of the quarter, Bitcoin prices fall quickly. Miners become more cautious about equipment purchases, and high industry inventory levels increase price competition. These were the main reasons revenues came in below expectations. In response to the revenue decline, we further tightened our spending, strengthened cash flow and liquidity management, and continued organizational optimization. At quarter end, the company held 1,915 Bitcoins and 3,952 ETH, bringing our digital assets treasury to another record high. I'll start with our mining machine business.

As mining economics weakened, many miners delayed equipment purchases, and the average selling prices remain under pressure. During the quarter, we generated approximately USD 14 million in product revenue. In response to softened demand, we adjusted pricing more flexibly. At the same time, we again emphasize production based on actual sales. We control new production according to real orders and put more focus on inventory management, cash flow, and order quality. For existing machines, we will evaluate whether to sell them to customers or deploy them in our own mining operations, based on cash collection, deployment conditions, and additional investment required. Now let me turn to our mining operations.

In Q2, we adjusted our deployed hash rate in a timely manner based on power prices, load management, and operating conditions at different sites. We allocated resources to projects with better economics. Mining revenue was approximately USD 18 million, accounting for more than 50% of the company's total revenue in Q2. And continue to cover direct operating costs such as power and hosting. As of the end of June, our installed hash rate in non-JV projects was approximately 10.05 exahash per second and the average all-in power cost in June was about USD 0.043 per kilowatt hour. Overall power and hosting costs remained relatively competitive. Project ABC remains one of our key priorities.

For Project ABC, we focused not only on current period profit, but more importantly on the cash it can generate and the long-term returns that can be created after optimization. This is consistent with the transformation the company is pursuing, whether it is Project ABC or the longer term power resources, we are developing. Our goal is to gradually build mining and energy infrastructure assets that have a cost advantage and can generate sustainable cash flow. In Q2, together with our partner, we continue the mining machine upgrade at Project ABC. The project generated positive cash flow and maintained efficient operations.

At the end of July, installed hash rate at Project ABC reached 4.85 exahash per second, up 10% from the end of March. Through this project, while increasing hash rate and the cash generation, we also gained experience in operations, power dispatch, fleet upgrades, and the management of low-cost power resources. Beyond traditional mining use cases, we continue to advance energy utilization partnerships such as compute to heat. Our earlier Nordic project has already validated the feasibility of using hydro-cooled equipment for district heating. Our high temperature hydro-cooled equipment can supply the hot water needed for heating, which is particularly suitable for winter heating demand.

These projects are still relatively small in scale, but using the heat generated from computing for comfort heating is a useful exploration of compute-to-heat closed-loop. Regarding R&D and the products, we continued advancing the A16 series in the second quarter with a focus on cost-effective air-cooled models and the high temperature hydro-cooled models. We pay close attention to products' full life cycle economics, including purchase cost, power consumption, stability, maintenance, and deployment efficiency. On the consumer side, the second quarter was mainly devoted to R&D on new Avalon Home products which we will prepare for mass production in the third quarter.

These home series products are designed for home heating use cases and we hope to capitalize on the winter heating season in the northern hemisphere and deliver a solid sales performance. Long-term power resources remain another key focus of the company's transformation. Over the past several quarters, we have been advancing long-term, stable, cost-advanced, and expandable power resources projects in North America. On our fourth quarter 2025 earnings call, we mentioned our confidence in our ability to secure substantial load by year end 2026, potentially reaching the gigawatt scale. Based on the progress we have made so far, our confidence in securing gigawatt scale load by the end of 2026 remains intact.

We continue to work with all the stakeholders and hope to provide an update when we are in a position to do so. Finally, let me discuss capital allocation. Since the beginning of the second quarter to date, the company has not utilized the ATM program or raise capital. Under the existing $30 million share repurchase authorization, we recently mentioned a portion of our digital assets and used the proceeds to repurchase the company's ADS. We believe that the current share price meaningfully undervalues the company while retaining the capital needed for operations and project environment -- investment. We chose to use a portion of our digital assets for buybacks.

We deployed around USD 2 million in the first quarter and around USD 5.4 million in August to repurchase our ADS shares. In 2026, the company deployed USD 7.4 million and repurchased approximately 16.4 million ADSs so far. James will provide more details on the execution of digital assets monetization and the buyback. James and I also continue to purchase the company's ADS in the open market this quarter. We remain confident in the company's long-term development and the transformation underway, and we hope these purchases further align management interest with those of our shareholders. Digital assets remain an important part of the company's asset allocation.

We will continue to evaluate the risks and the rewards of holding digital assets, investing in mining and the power infrastructure, and the repurchasing the company's shares. While meeting our operating and liquidity needs, we will choose the uses of capital that we believe can create the best long-term value per share. Finally, during this quarter, the company completed its transfer to Nasdaq Capital Market and have been granted an additional 180-day grace period to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement with a deadline of January 11, 2027. We will continue to monitor the trading price of our ADS and take necessary actions to regain compliance and maintain the company's listing status.

Despite the significant impact of industry volatility on our second quarter financial results, changes in the macro environment have actually strengthened our conviction in Bitcoin as a decentralized financial asset. In response to market changes, we managed the inventory, expenses, and cash flow more strictly, while continuing to organize our mining fleet, advanced fleet upgrades at Project ABC, explore compute to heat applications, and prepare Avalon Home products for mass production. Work on power resources also continued. In addition, we monetized a portion of our digital assets to fund share repurchases. We believe we have come through the most difficult period and were able to sell these digital assets at relatively favorable prices.

Looking ahead to the third quarter, although Bitcoin price recovered somewhat at the end of August, miner procurement remains cautious, and the industry inventories still needs to be digested. Some competitors have adopt a more aggressive pricing strategy to speed up cash collection. And we expect miner sales and average selling prices to remain under pressure in the third quarter. Therefore, we remain cautious about the near-term mining machine market. Based on the current market and operating conditions, we expect total revenues for the third quarter of 2026 to be between USD 11 million and USD 15 million.

This outlook reflects management's current judgment, and actual results may differ due to changes in macroeconomic conditions, policies, Bitcoin prices, and industry demand. That concludes my remarks. Thank you. I will now turn the call over our CFO, James.

James Cheng: Thank you, NG. Hello everyone. This is James speaking to you from our Singapore headquarters. NG just walked you through the market environment and our business progress during the second quarter. To summarize, in the second half of the quarter, Bitcoin prices and hash price weakened again, miners became more cautious with equipment purchases, and the elevated industry inventory added further pressure on pricing. This pressure directly impacted our financial results. Computing power sold, average selling price and revenue all declined, while lower market prices also affected the value of our inventory and fixed assets. In this environment, we are not waiting for the market to turn. We are focusing on what we can control.

From a financial perspective, we are focused on 3 things. First, managing cash and maintaining sufficient liquidity. Second, actively allocating capital including repurchasing our shares when we believe they are significantly undervalued. And third, managing and optimizing our strategic assets so they can generate stronger cash returns over time. Let me go through each of these areas. First, the cash. As market conditions weakened, we tightened our expense and inventory management and placed even greater emphasis on cash flow. At the end of the second quarter, we had $66 million in cash, up about $23 million from $43 million at the end of the first quarter. So despite generating less revenue during the quarter, our cash position improved.

During the quarter, we collected $54 million in cash from product sales. We also received $15 million from value-added tax refunds, cash distributions from equity investments, and Bitcoin-backed financing. On the cash outflow side, we used $35 million for operating expenses and working capital, and another $11 million for wafer purchases. We also continued to exercise discipline on expenses. Total operating expenses were $40 million in the second quarter, including $9.2 million of the impairment charges on property, plant and equipment, and $2.7 million of credit losses. Excluding these items, operating expenses were $28.2 million, down 9% sequentially, and 14% year-over-year.

This is consistent with the build-to-order approach that NG discussed earlier, control new commitments, accelerate collections, manage inventory and working capital, and protect liquidity. In a down cycle, we believe financial resilience itself is a competitive advantage. Second, capital allocation. At the end of the second quarter, we held 1,915 Bitcoin and 3,952 Ethereum. Based on their carrying value as of June 30, our digital assets holdings were worth $112 million. Digital assets remain an important part of our asset base, but we do not believe they should simply be held passively. We continuously compare different uses of capital, holding digital assets, investing in mining and power infrastructure, and repurchasing our own shares.

When our shares trade significantly below what we believe to be their long-term intrinsic value, we view share repurchases as an attractive use of capital. In late August, we were authorized by our board and sold all our Ethereum holdings and 54 Bitcoins, generating approximately $13.9 million in cash. We used a portion of these proceeds to repurchase our shares. In the first half of 2026, we repurchased 2.8 million ADSs for about $2 million. In late August, we repurchased an additional 13.6 million ADSs for $5.4 million. Year to date, we have repurchased 16.4 million ADSs for a total consideration of $7.4 million. Third, strategic assets, especially mining sites in the United States.

NG discussed the operational recovery and Bitcoin miner upgrades at Project ABC. Let me add a few points from a financial perspective. During the second quarter, we've been upgrading the mining fleet at Project ABC to improve efficiency, received $5.2 million in cash from Project ABC, including sales collections and cash distributions. As of August 31, cumulative cash received had reached $8.4 million. We would like to thank our partner, WindHQ, for the top-tier management and the results of Project ABC. Their long-term commitment and shared vision give us confidence in the future of ABC. As part of this process, the retirement of older mining machines and the related accounting treatment resulted in a one-time loss.

As a result, we recognized approximately $4 million of equity investment losses for Project ABC in the second quarter. There is an important distinction here between short-term accounting results and the long-term cash generating ability of the assets. We are not trying to preserve the book value of older equipment. We are trying to improve asset quality and generate more computing power and better economics from the same energy resources. So for project ABC or other strategic assets, we look beyond the current period earnings. We are focused on the cash the asset can generate and the returns it can produce after optimization. This is also consistent with the broader transformation NG discussed earlier.

Let me briefly add a few operating and financial metrics. Total revenue for the second quarter was approximately $32 million. Product revenue was approximately $14 million. We sold 2.5 exahash per second of computing power at an average selling price of $5.5 per terahash per second. Mining revenue was approximately $18 million with 243 Bitcoin mined during the quarter. Mining accounted for 55% of total revenue. Excluding depreciation, the gross margin for the mining business was 20%. These numbers also showed that during a weak market for mining machines, our mining operations have become an important contributor to revenue. Over time, we want to build a business that combines technology and mining machines, Bitcoin mining, power resources, and infrastructure.

Next, let me briefly discuss our income statement. Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $74.9 million in the second quarter, broadly in line with the previous quarter. Our results included several significant non-cash accounting adjustments, primarily inventory write-downs, impairment of property, plant and equipment, and fair value losses on digital assets. These items reflect changes in the mining machine market and digital assets prices during the quarter, but they did not result in an equivalent amount of cash outflow. So when we're looking at the quarter, I think it is useful to separate 3 things. First, the real operating impact of weaker demand and lower pricing.

Second, the accounting impact from inventory fixed assets, digital assets, and investments, a significant portion of which was non-cash. And third, what we are particularly focused on today, cash flow, liquidity, capital allocation, efficiency, and the ability of our assets to generate cash returns. Finally, turning to the third quarter, as NG mentioned, although Bitcoin prices have recovered recently, miners remain cautious, industry inventory still needs to be absorbed, and mining machine pricing remains under pressure. As a result, we remain cautious about the near-term market environment. Based on our current market and operating conditions, we expect the total revenue for the third quarter of 2026 to be between $11 million and $15 million.

This outlook reflects our current assessment of market and operating conditions. Actual results may vary depending on changes in the macroeconomic environment, policy developments, Bitcoin prices, and industry demand. Let me close with 3 words that summarize our financial priorities today: cash, value and assets. First, manage cash, maintain financial discipline and liquidity so that we can navigate through the cycle. Second, manage value, continue to compare different capital allocation opportunities. When we believe our shares are significantly undervalued, we are prepared to repurchase them to create value for long-term shareholders. Third, manage assets, whether it is our digital assets or Project ABC or the mining and energy infrastructures we are developing, our goal is not simply to own assets.

Our goal is to make those assets more efficient, generate cash, and create long-term returns. We will not build our strategy around predicting short-term movements in the price of Bitcoin. What we can do is maintain financial discipline during the difficult markets, improve capital allocation, and continuously upgrade the quality of our assets. So when the next industry cycle comes, we want Canaan to have stronger balance sheets, higher quality assets, stronger operating capabilities, and greater strategic flexibility. Thank you. We will now open the call for questions.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] The first questions will come from the line of Logan Hennen from Northland.

Logan Hennen: First one from us. Can you provide some additional color to help us understand how we should be thinking about this 1 gigawatt pipeline? For instance, should we expect a dual deployment strategy balancing Bitcoin mine and HPC? And if your team does pursue HPC, should we expect Canaan to go the co-location or the GPU cloud rental route? Any color here would be great.

Nangeng Zhang: Thank you. I will take this one. Yes, we are currently advancing several power resources project internally. However, securing and developing power resources involve many steps, and it's become more and more complex. The market attention and the competition are both very high now. Even for the projects that are moving the fastest, currently there are still, key matters that need to be completed. So as a management team of a public company, we need to be very, very careful about when we disclose project details. If we disclose too early, it may affect project execution. It may also cause the market to view an ongoing process as a confirmed outcome.

So for the benefit for the company and our shareholders, we do not think this is appropriate at this stage to disclose the exact number and the location of the sites, the power capacity for each project or a specific stage of each project. What we can say is our view from the Q4 2025 earnings call earlier this year, based on the progress we have made so far, our confidence in securing gigawatt scale power resources the end of this year remains unchanged. We will continue to working with the relevant parties and provide updates to the market when we are able to share more specific information. Yes. And about the co-location or the GPU cloud rental.

I think it's still too early to decide whether we will focus on co-location or GPU cloud rental. There's many steps between -- even between we secure the power resources and providing computing services. So for a project of meaningful scale, we normally need different parties to work together. Many different parties, including capital providers, engineering contractors, and other resources partners, which parts Canaan will participate in and what type of partnership we will use will depend on the specific project. Our approach is to use the capabilities and resources we already have, participate where we can add value and work with partners that bring complementary strengths.

We do not assume that we need to manage the entire chain from the power to computing services by ourselves and we will not make investments beyond our capabilities or capital capacity to just to build end-to-end model. So at this stage, our main focus is still on advancing long-term cost-advanced power resources. Yes, as the projects become clear, we will evaluate the most suitable business model and level for participation. So for now, we do not think it's appropriate to make a firm choice between these 2 routes. Thank you.

Logan Hennen: We appreciate the color there. Can you kind of formally remind us, how is Canaan strategically positioned versus peers to secure and develop power for HPC? And it seems like you guys will likely go more the development partner route, but should we expect any upcoming hires to build a data center development team internally?

Nangeng Zhang: Yes, I think our advantage first comes from the practical experience we have built in Bitcoin mining over the past several years. Mining requires us to work with many types of power providers and to evaluate sites across different regions. The U.S. is a very large market and our local team has spent years visiting mining sites and advancing projects. Through this work, we have developed a better understanding of how power infrastructure works, the power conditions in different regions, and how to work with our local partners. We have also built relevant resources and relationships. So since late 2024, our strategy has gradually shifted from mainly adopting partnerships to increasing the amount of assets we own directly.

We want to have more control over long-term power resources and the site operations. This direction has based on the needs of our own business and started before the market's broader focus on AI and HPC. So as the market attention has moved more towards AI and HPC, we see strong continuity with our existing direction of funding long-term stable cost-advanced and scalable power resources. Our past experience, resources, and local relationships can continue to support us and give us a good starting point that we expand into this area. Of course, HPC has higher infrastructure requirements, so each project still needs to be evaluated and developed based on its actual use cases.

So change in the markets also affect competition for power resources and the project economics. We will also adjust our evaluation and the execution approach as needed. We'll continue to focus on long-term costs and the investment returns. Thank you.

Operator: The next questions will come from the line of Kevin Cassidy from Rosenblatt Securities.

Kevin Cassidy: With your internal mining fleet improving energy efficiency, can you tell us a percentage in efficiency increase you should see by next year?

Nangeng Zhang: I think you're asking about the mining machines efficiency, right?

Kevin Cassidy: Yes.

Nangeng Zhang: I think for the A15, older machines, we are at like -- I think it's 15.8 to like 17.8 joules per terahash. And the next level is our A16. We have like a 12.8 joules per terahash to 16.8. It's already our cost effective models. So there are a huge advantage for the for these kind of machines. Yes, for our mining fleet, we have plans to deploy at least a part of the 60 machines to our mining fleets next year. So currently our all-in power cost was about $0.043 per kilowatt hour. And still, we have a positive cash contribution.

For the next year, we -- if you have reviewed the total network hash rate, I think it's declining for a few quarters already. So it's quite easy to calculate the income for mining projects. And we assume we will upgrade a significant percent of our machines from the old one to the more advanced and also cost-effective models next year. Yeah, I hope I answered your question. Thank you.

Kevin Cassidy: Yes, that helps. Yes. And then just on the power pipeline, are you still pursuing, looking for stranded power around the world? I guess if you could talk more about that development?

James Cheng: I think, Kevin, we are actively -- we're always actively exploring and evaluating stranded power, trying to seek for opportunities. But of course, from different perspectives, it takes quite a long time to evaluate the opportunities. And it's not easy to find the partners like Cipher Mining, Cipher Digital or WindHQ. Those partners in Project ABC, they supported us. They do good deals with us in a transparent way, in a fair way. It's not easy every time we can find this kind of good partners. So what we do is we mainly look at the long-term power cost, site stability, expansion potential, and grid access, and the local policies and the regulatory conditions.

We will also try to evaluate the best use for each site, including mining, and where it is suitable, potential HPC applications, together with the additional equipment and the investment required. So currently, we stay open-minded while maintaining our capital discipline. No matter through acquisition, through JV or joint development, we will only move forward when the risk and the return are attractive and the project can improve the quality of our long-term assets and operating flexibility. So I should say, currently, we haven't yet deal another one, just like Project ABC, but we do have some projects under discussion. We continue the strategy of expanding in North America, especially U.S. I think this strategy remains same.

We will do more, but we do it cautiously, slowly with all kinds of evaluations done, but not immediately jump to many deals. And I think the capital allocation is also in a kind of very cautious way. Kevin, I don't know if I answered your question.

Kevin Cassidy: No, that's very clear.

Operator: The next questions will come from the line of Ben Sommers from BTIG.

Benjamin Sommers: I appreciate the commentary on the current state of the product market. So with Bitcoin prices up around 20% over the past month, just curious if you've seen any positive implications for the global demand for mining machines?

Nangeng Zhang: Yes, global demand, to be frank, frankly speaking, mining rig demand outside the U.S. is also very, very weak at the moment. Weaker mining economics together with the policy developments and the geopolitical conditions in some regions have affected customers' willingness and ability to invest. We have not yet seen a meaningful improvement in overall demand. One specific area of progress we can share is ESG related applications, particularly compute to heat. Our Nordic heating projects already have 2 megawatts of equipment in operation. And customer ordered another 6 megawatts in March this year. These projects combined with mining with real heating demand, so the same energy input produce both computing power and the usable heat.

We will continue to develop this kind of applications, but the market is still at an early age and small scale. So this does not yet indicate that broader recovery in demand outside the U.S. Thank you.

Benjamin Sommers: Super helpful. And then just wanted to touch a little bit on the Avalon Home Series. It seems like you guys are making some positive developments here, but can you just talk a little bit more about what you're seeing for those machines? And I think you guys mentioned some product developments there that could help potential winter seasonality. So if you could just talk a little bit more about that.

Nangeng Zhang: Yes, Avalon Home is a consumer product line that we have committed to developing. In Q2, it generated approximately $1 million in revenue. So it is still relatively small. I think the long term value lies on serving household users by combining computing and heating, which can broaden our customer base and revenue resources over time. After the heating season ended, sales of our home products came down. And at first I was a little disappointed, but then we realized that this may actually show that consumers are really using these products to heating -- other heating devices. After all, it's not very easy to sell heaters in the summer.

So it reminds us that we need to understand the use cases and the seasonality of this kind of business as a true consumer product business. So we began preparing new products for this year, heating season in Q2 and in Q3. Currently we are working on preparations for mass production, to launch new products and updates during the Christmas shopping season. So most of our key product line will receive updates and we may also introduce additional products. So at the same time, we will focus on sales channels, after sales service, and the user community, continue to improve our noise levels, easy for use and many different kind of stuff related to the consumer product.

So yes, we hope Avalon Home will grow its revenue and the contribution to the company and become a consumer business with lasting value. So I think it's still too early to give a specific revenue mix target. Its shares of total revenue will also depend on heating seasonality and the changing -- changes in our other business. But for now, the priority, to get the product experience and the business, fundamentals right, so growth is supported by real household demand. I hope I answered your question. Thank you.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from the line on Nick Giles of B. Riley Securities.

Zihan Chen: This is Bill Chen on for Nick Giles. First I want to congrats on the maintaining positive cash contribution from mining in this pressured pricing environment. I guess on the share repurchase program, with approximately $7.4 million deployed against the, I think the total of $30 million authorization. What's your expectation for the pace of repurchases between now and the program's expiration in mid-December? And I guess any color on how you're balancing the capital allocation strategy against liquidity preservation would be appreciated.

James Cheng: I think you asked a very forward-looking question about the future stock repurchase. Currently, I think it's difficult to answer because in September we will see a lot of activities in the U.S., especially on September 15, the Senate will start to vote for CLARITY Act. We don't know if it's passed, then what will happen to our industry that could make the Bitcoin price jump very high. And also our share price could fluctuate together with the Bitcoin price. So it's depending on what kind of a share price we were traded in the market and it depends on how we consider it's better to do some allocation to do stock repurchase. So it's difficult to predict the pace.

But to be very honest, as CEO and I myself, we have already purchased to get more shares of the company. We do have strong confidence that in the second half our share price should come back again with some good trajectory. And even we are currently under the risk restriction of Nasdaq compliance requirement. So we're better to regain compliance very soon. So that's why we consider stock repurchase is something we need to put a lot of efforts trying to make sure we do, and we allocate funds to do.

And that's why we discussed with our board, and we got the authorization from them, and say management can start to sell the digital assets to generate cash and to repurchase. I think our board understands the shareholder value quite well. They support us to do this and we are together with our shareholders, and we are the shareholders. So we will do everything we can to do but not within September, the particular month, but through the whole second half year or even future. So I think that's our commitment. That's my answer. Thank you, Bill.

Zihan Chen: I guess maybe one more, if I could, specifically on the Project ABC, we'd love to see all the progress. Given now it has reached 4.85 exahash, what's the next milestone or target for the project? If there's roughly -- a rough timeline you can provide.

Nangeng Zhang: I think we have been actively exploring and evaluating this type of opportunity. But the -- if the power cost -- we need the power cost stability, scalability and the grid access are suitable. We can use mining as a flexible load to push the resources to work relatively quickly. So if the site conditions allow, we can also -- we have the flexibility for other computing load in the future. So yes, our approach is stay open-minded and while maintaining capital discipline, whether through acquisition, JV, or joint development, we will only move forward when the risk and returns are attractive and the project can improve the quality of our long-term assets and operating flexibility.

We have -- we do have a very good machine even maybe still at the wafer level, but we can manufacture machines in relatively, short time to -- and deploy them into new sites if we find somewhere it can fulfill our requirements. So -- but currently, I think it's still at some stage of a bear market, it's not a bull market, right? So investment is very, very -- we will have very high cautious in investment and consume our cash flow to do this kind of project. So currently, we are still evaluating the resources and wait for the best timing to get the scale up of our mining fleets include upgrade the machines. Thank you.

I hope I answered your question.

Operator: We will now take the last questions. Our next question comes from Michael Donovan of Compass Point.

Ian Generous: This is Ian Generous dialing in for Michael Donovan. And firstly, on potential JV partners, what type of companies are you engaging with today? And are prospective AI customers already involved in creating these sites? Additionally, what requirements are they emphasizing? And what would you expect to secure -- would you expect to secure customer commitment before making a significant development investment?

Nangeng Zhang: Yes, we are open to using JVs or development partners, from securing power resources to building infrastructure, and finally providing computing services. Different stages require different capabilities and capital. So for each project, we will choose a structure that allow all parties to contribute their strengths. Canaan has all always valued working with partners. Our cluster of joint mining projects, as well as Project ABC with WindHQ, have given us useful experience. At Project ABC, we combine our mining machine and the technology capabilities with our partners' site operations and power management experience. Together we are upgrading our fleet and improve the project's cash returns. This experience can also support future partnerships.

I think since late 2024, we have gradually increased the amount of assets we own directly, but this does not mean that we need to do everything by ourselves. So we want to have more control over our core assets and the long-term resources. While still working with partners that can bring complementary competitive expertise and the resources. So for future projects, we will not limit ourselves to advance to a JV, current development or any other structure is accessible. So we will focus on how investment and the responsibilities are shared. So whether the risk Canaan takes, it matches by the return we can earn.

Our final decision will always be based on the long-term shareholder's interest and value per share. So -- but currently, we do not have any specific partnership agreements that we can disclose. Thank you.

Ian Generous: That's great color. And then lastly, if I may, more strategically, how should we think about the allocation of capital and management resources between pursuing the AI-powered land opportunity and then the core Bitcoin mining business?

Nangeng Zhang: I think for -- currently, we have already invested in the Bitcoin mining machines' core parts like the wafers. We already have them in our inventory or our partners' inventory. So when we have the clear opportunities to deploy the mining machines to have a good cash returns in the future, then we will do it. For the data center, I just mentioned, we are very open to do any kind of partnerships with partners -- with third parties, with any kind of companies can contribute their benefits to the projects.

We are not, to be clear, we are not going to do the end-to-end projects by ourselves to -- because I think to develop a meaningful scale of AI HPC data center needs a lot of capitals, which may be out of our capital capabilities. So yes, I think overall, our first priority is to -- is the interest of our shareholders, what kind of benefits we can get for every share is the most important part. Thank you.

James Cheng: I would like to add some color in this. As NG mentioned, we do have the inventory of mining machines now, so when we do some new mining cooperations, this can be injected to the project as well as a kind of CapEx investment and without spending any cash. So for the new HPC data center or this kind of power infrastructure thing, sometimes we have to use some cash as a deposit to secure some opportunities. That's something we do. We spend some of the money, we allocate some of the money as a deposit to secure some of the opportunities. That's what we are doing now.

I think from long term perspective, we will continue to balance between the different business and we will utilize our technology in mining machine side and mining -- do mining operations. And in the other side I think step by step we start from initial capital in a kind of a smaller scale but in future with pipelines, with different projects on air, and we will see step by step we accumulate more and more assets. And with this assets, we can use this assets as collateral to leverage to get more funds to sponsor the business in the data center part. I think that's something in future step by step we will reach there.

But first of all, we should try to secure gigawatt level power and with this on hand and then we can start to talk about the next step. As NG mentioned, we do have the long-term ambition, but in short term we will not just immediately try to do everything in the ecosystem. We will do step by step and gradually grow ourselves. Thank you.

Operator: I would now like to turn the call back over to the company for any closing remarks.

Gwyn Lauber: Thank you everyone for joining us today. If you have any further questions, please feel free to reach out to us directly or through the contact information on our website. Thanks.

Operator: That concludes today's conference. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.