It was hard to overstate how important the fourth quarter was going to be for Fitbit (FIT +0.00%). Recognizing the fundamental shifts in the wearables market, Fitbit started scooping up defunct start-ups that it could cobble together to create a smartwatch two years ago, including Coin, Pebble, and Vector. Those efforts culminated with the launch of Ionic late last year, Fitbit's first full-fledged smartwatch that supported third-party apps and mobile payments.
Unfortunately for Fitbit, Ionic has stumbled out of the gate.
Image source: Fitbit.
New products didn't resonate with consumers
Fitbit reported fourth-quarter earnings last night, and the disappointing results and forecast have sent shares to all-time lows. Revenue was close to flat at $570.8 million, which translated into a non-GAAP net loss of $4.7 million, or $0.02 per share. Devices sold declined by 17% to 5.4 million.
Data source: SEC filings. Chart by author.
New products (Ionic, Alta HR, Aria 2, and Flyer) represented just 36% of revenue, suggesting that the gadgets did not resonate with consumers. In contrast, the new products during last year's holiday shopping season and product cycle (Charge 2, Alta, Blaze, and Flex 2) represented 96% of revenue. The harsh reality of the consumer electronics market is that companies need to consistently refresh their hardware lineups with compelling updates and new designs, and Fitbit disappointed here.
Ionic sales fell short of expectations. On the earnings call, CEO James Park said, "We believe sales were impacted by aggressive promotional environment, fewer apps available at launch, and a delay in the availability of our [software development kit]." Park added more color in response to an analyst question:
We were pretty impacted by the pricing environment of the competitive environment that was going on. And the Ionic offering really truly wasn't a mass-appeal smartwatch. It was more of a performance product. So it didn't really have the reach that some of our competitors had in the market. So I think that dynamic is going to change in 2018. As we mentioned before, we expect to have more mass-appeal offerings in the market.
A "mass-appeal smartwatch" is in the works for later this year that will build on the Fitbit OS platform.
Time to focus on subscription offerings
The results underscore the need for Fitbit to grow its subscription business. The company recently acquired Twine Health, a digital health coaching platform. Here's Park again:
With Twine Health, I think one of the more interesting aspects and impacts of that deal is that Twine offers human coaching, which is made more efficient through their digital coaching platform, and we expect to sell that solution into payers, providers and other players in the healthcare ecosystem on a recurring revenue model basis. And I think another big opportunity for us is to extend the benefits of that coaching platform to a consumer business where we have over 25 million active users.
Historically, Fitbit has never generated more than 1% of revenue from subscriptions.
More pain in store
Fitbit's guidance for the first quarter calls for revenue to fall 15%-20% to $240 million-$255 million, far short of the $340 million in sales that the Street was expecting. For full-year 2018, Fitbit anticipates its device mix to continue shifting toward smartwatches while also growing its premium subscriber base. The company doesn't expect premium subscriber growth to be all that meaningful in the grand scheme of things, as it's still such a small business. Full-year revenue is expected to be about $1.5 billion.
It's becoming increasingly clear that Apple is eating Fitbit's lunch. Apple Watch sales are booming, with the latest Series 3 model in particular driving demand thanks to the addition of cellular connectivity. This last detail is especially important, because adding cellular connectivity to any product is extremely R&D intensive -- developing, validating, and certifying products for compatibility with various cellular networks in target markets costs a fortune. If cellular connectivity proves to be a feature that unlocks mainstream demand, Fitbit will struggle to keep up at a time when it's trying to cut operating expenses.
Competing with the richest company in the world is no easy task, and the odds are stacked heavily in Goliath's favor.
