The Next 3 Dividend Dynamos

Pop quiz: Which major event helped some investors to quadruple their returns over the 25-year period from 1929 to 1954?

Ding! Ding! Ding!
You guessed it: the Great Depression.

Wait, huh?
Data from renowned dividend scholar Jeremy Siegel shows that although it took 25 years for the S&P 500 to return to its 1929 levels, those who reinvested their dividends earned a total return of 334%. How did that happen?

As Siegel explains, dividends are "bear market protectors and return accelerators," because falling stock prices lead to higher dividend yields ... and higher dividend yields allow for reinvested dividends to accumulate tons of new shares at lower prices.

And that isn't the only time dividend stocks have boosted returns for investors during bear markets.

For instance ...
When I ran the numbers over the 2000-2002 bear market, I found that dividend-paying stocks outperformed non-dividend-paying stocks by an incredible 47 percentage points on average. Granted, that particular time frame is known for the bursting of the dot-com bubble, when many non-dividend-paying tech companies crashed and burned. But over longer periods, the thesis holds.

In fact, according to research from professors Kathleen Fuller and Michael Goldstein, from 1970 to 2000, dividend-paying stocks outperformed non-dividend payers during down markets by an average of 1.5% per month!

But simply picking the highest-yielding stocks is not a recipe for success. As I've noted in a previous article, high yields often signal danger, and when blowups do occur, the fallout isn't pretty: Companies that cut their dividends in 2008 fell by 57% on average for the year. So it's critical to make sure your yield is safe.

How you should play it
Last year, our own dividend guru, Motley Fool Income Investor advisor James Early, revealed his basic three-part screen for how to get started researching dividend stocks in a bear market.

I was curious to see how well James' strategy works, so I conducted a study using data from the most recent recession -- which, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research, began in March 2001.

The results were impressive: Stocks with James' criteria that were bought at the beginning of the recession and held for five years -- what I deem a reasonable holding period -- would have netted investors 122% on average, versus just 12% for the S&P 500!

So what were his criteria? James insisted on companies that had:

• Yields greater than 3%.
• Dividends that had been increased over the previous 12 months.
• Growing revenues.

Here's a sampling of some of the stocks that fit those specifications back in 2001 -- even one that had mediocre returns over the five-year period:

Data from Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's.

Why it works
Generally speaking, companies won't cut their dividend right after they've raised it, so a dividend increase during a recession is an especially strong sign that you can trust a tasty yield.

Unfortunately, there are some less savory reasons why management would raise a dividend during difficult times, such as a myopic desire to provide stock-price support, an inability to anticipate market conditions, or general incompetence.

Growing revenue is one objective sign that your investment candidates are improving their economic performance even in the face of a tough market -- a difficult hurdle to clear. More recently, insisting on growing revenue in addition to growing payouts would have helped investors to avoid disappointments such as SunTrust Banks (NYSE:STI), which raised its dividend in 2007 amid declining revenue and has since had to take a massive cut.

Drumroll, please ...
So which three dividend dynamos might help you to take advantage of rising yields today? Of the companies that match James' strategy, I chose three for you.

To review, each of these companies has:

• A greater-than-3% yield.
• A recent dividend increase.
• Growing revenues.

In addition, I wanted to make sure these companies have:

• Less than 80% free cash flow payout ratios.
• Four- and five-star ratings from our Motley Fool CAPS investing community.

Here are the results:

Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's.

Despite the recession that began in December 2007, each of these companies has managed to expand its business and has enough confidence in its ability to pay a dividend that it was willing to raise the payout. And they offer tasty yields to boot.

Eli Lilly provides drugs for a number of serious conditions that patients continue to treat even in a shaky economy. Hershey makes a variety of candies that consumers should continue to buy even during an economic downturn. Verizon runs a classic toll business that collects steady and reliable cash flows from customers.

Even more ideas
While studies such as Siegel's and Fuller and Goldstein's, as well as my own research, prove that dividend investing is an excellent strategy in down markets, the increased possibility of dividend reductions means you need to be extra-selective in your investments.

If you'd like additional help choosing dividend dynamos today, I encourage you to take a peek at which stock James has just hand-picked for his Income Investor members by clicking here for a 30-day free trial.

This article was originally published on Feb. 14, 2009. It has been updated.

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Ilan Moscovitz doesn't own shares of any company mentioned. H.J. Heinz is an Income Investor selection. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.