As investors, we need to understand how our companies truly make their money. A neat trick developed for just that purpose -- the DuPont Formula -- can help us do so.

The DuPont Formula can give you a better grasp on exactly where your company is producing its profit, and where it might have a competitive advantage. Named after the company where it was pioneered, the formula breaks down return on equity into three components:

Return on equity = net margin X asset turnover X leverage ratio

What makes each of these components important?

  • High net margins show that a company can get customers to pay more for its products. Luxury-goods companies provide a great example here.
  • High asset turnover indicates that a company needs to invest less of its capital, since it uses its assets more efficiently to generate sales. Service industries, for instance, often lack big capital investments.
  • Finally, the leverage ratio shows how much the company is relying on liabilities to create its profits.

Generally, the higher these numbers, the better. But too much debt can sink a company, so beware of companies with very high leverage ratios.

Let's see what the DuPont Formula can tell us about Frontier Communications (NYSE: FTR) and a few of its sector and industry peers.

Company

Return on Equity

Net Margin

Asset Turnover

Leverage Ratio

Frontier Communications

5.6%

4.0%

0.31

4.46
CenturyLink (NYSE: CTL)

9.9%

13.5%

0.32

2.33
Windstream (Nasdaq: WIN)

56.9%

8.4%

0.36

18.78
MetroPCS Communications (NYSE: PCS)

8.0%

4.8%

0.53

3.17

Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's.

With one exception, the returns on equity here leave a lot to be desired, but you can see where these players' strengths are. CenturyLink achieves a higher net margin, while Windstream focuses on riding a sliver of equity into a huge ROE. In contrast, Frontier's margin over the past year is at the low end of this group, while its leverage is somewhere in the middle. MetroPCS uses higher asset turnover to boost its otherwise average numbers. Of course, for the first three players here, the attraction is the huge dividend yield rather than capital gains.

Using the DuPont formula can often give you some insight into how a company is competing against peers and what type of strategy it's using to juice return on equity. To find more successful investments, dig deeper than the earnings headlines. And if you'd like to, add these companies to your watchlist.