How a charity works
The typical charity sees money flow through its organization in a regular way. Money comes in through charitable gifts from donors, and some charities offer goods or services that generate income, as well. It then flows out of the charity through ordinary expenses in the course of fulfilling the organization's mission.
In addition to the impact of cash flow on a charity's financial condition, changes in net assets can also happen because of increases or decreases in the value of those assets. When a charity sells an asset, it can realize a gain or loss compared to what it paid, and that can affect the net value of the charity's total assets. For publicly traded securities, changes in value also occur from simple market fluctuations, and those increases or decreases will be reflected in the unrealized gain or loss on the charity's portfolio.