Institution | Type | Assets Held for Customers |
|---|---|---|
Tether | Stablecoin | $149.3 billion (attested reserves) |
Circle (USDC) | Stablecoin | $62.6 billion (attested reserves) |
Morgan Stanley (NYSE:MS) | Brokerage | $201.7 billion (customer and other payables) |
Interactive Brokers | Brokerage | $120.7 billion (payables to customers) |
Charles Schwab | Brokerage | $100.6 billion (payables to brokerage clients) |
Robinhood (NASDAQ:HOOD) | Brokerage | $7.1 billion (payables to users) |
JPMorgan | Bank | $2.1 trillion (total deposits) |
Bank of America | Bank | $1.9 trillion (total deposits) |
Wells Fargo | Bank | $1.4 trillion (total deposits) |
Citigroup (NYSE:C) | Bank | $773 billion (total deposits) |
Stablecoin reserves are closing the gap with some brokerages but not the largest ones. And they’re far from being comparable to major banks, which manage hundreds of billions or even trillions of dollars’ worth of customer deposits.
Tether’s $149.3 billion in attested reserves is more than Charles Schwab’s reported payables to brokerage clients and almost on par with Interactive Brokers’ $120.7 billion reported payables to customers. But that’s still more than 10 times less than the customer deposits JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo are each responsible for.
Tether, which is the largest stablecoin by far, has been frequently scrutinized over transparency and the quality of its reporting of its reserves. Recent third-party audits have helped improve credibility, but concerns remain, highlighting a key difference between regulated banks and brokerages and stablecoin providers.
The two major stablecoins, Tether and Circle, account for $211.9 billion in customer-held assets, which are higher than Fidelity and Schwab’s combined payables to brokerage clients but less than Morgan Stanley’s.
What do stablecoin assets signal about the future of crypto?
Tether and Circle together now hold more than $210 billion in client funds. That’s on par with some top U.S. brokerages but behind the largest ones and well below the trillions in customer deposits that the largest banks handle. JPMorgan alone holds $2.1 trillion in customer deposits – more than 10x the total of all major stablecoins combined.
Still, the growing popularity of stablecoins and their potential to bypass fees and expenses charged by traditional payment processors like Visa (V -1.69%) and Mastercard (MA -2.08%) have led some major retailers to reportedly look into launching their own stablecoins.
Investors and retailers might be beginning to think about treating stablecoins as cash alternatives, not just trading tools. As stablecoins draw more interest, regulatory scrutiny is likely to go hand in hand with integration into traditional finance.
Other stablecoin research
- Which companies accept stablecoin payments?
- Payment processing fees: stablecoins, credit cards, debit cards, and BNPL
- How Are Banks, Card Networks, and Payment Processors Adapting to Stablecoins?
- Survey: 50% of U.S. Consumers Open to Paying With Stablecoins
- Which companies accept stablecoin payments?
Sources
- Circle (2025). "Independent Accountants' Report." Prepared by Deloitte as of May 30, 2025.
- FDIC (2025). “BankFind Suite: Find Institution Financial & Regulatory Data.”
- Tether (2025). "Independent Auditor's Report on the Financials Figures and Reserve Report." Prepared by BDO as of March 31, 2025.
About the Author
Charles Schwab is an advertising partner of Motley Fool Money. Bank of America is an advertising partner of Motley Fool Money. Wells Fargo is an advertising partner of Motley Fool Money. Citigroup is an advertising partner of Motley Fool Money. JPMorgan Chase is an advertising partner of Motley Fool Money. Jack Caporal has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Bank of America, Interactive Brokers Group, JPMorgan Chase, Mastercard, and Visa. The Motley Fool recommends Charles Schwab and recommends the following options: long January 2027 $175 calls on Interactive Brokers Group, short January 2027 $185 calls on Interactive Brokers Group, and short June 2025 $85 calls on Charles Schwab. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
