Institution | Type | Assets Held for Customers |
|---|---|---|
Tether | Stablecoin | $181.22 billion (attested reserves) |
Circle (USDC) | Stablecoin | $74.5 billion (attested reserves) |
Morgan Stanley (NYSE:MS) | Brokerage | $201.7 billion (customer and other payables) |
Interactive Brokers | Brokerage | $120.7 billion (payables to customers) |
Charles Schwab | Brokerage | $100.6 billion (payables to brokerage clients) |
Robinhood (NASDAQ:HOOD) | Brokerage | $7.1 billion (payables to users) |
JPMorgan | Bank | $2.1 trillion (total deposits) |
Bank of America | Bank | $1.9 trillion (total deposits) |
Wells Fargo | Bank | $1.4 trillion (total deposits) |
Citigroup (NYSE:C) | Bank | $773 billion (total deposits) |
Stablecoin reserves are closing the gap with some brokerages, but not the largest ones. And they’re far from being comparable to major banks, which manage hundreds of billions or even trillions of dollars’ worth of customer deposits.
Tether’s $181.22 billion in attested reserves is more than Charles Schwab’s reported payables to brokerage clients and almost on par with Interactive Brokers’ $120.7 billion reported payables to customers. But that’s still more than 10 times less than the customer deposits JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo are each responsible for.
Tether, which is the largest stablecoin by far, has been frequently scrutinized over transparency and the quality of its reporting of its reserves. Recent third-party audits have helped improve credibility, but concerns remain, highlighting a key difference between regulated banks and brokerages and stablecoin providers.
The two major stablecoins, Tether and Circle, account for $211.9 billion in customer-held assets, which are higher than Fidelity and Schwab’s combined payables to brokerage clients but less than Morgan Stanley’s.
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