What Is the Attention Economy?

By Jeremy Bowman – Updated Feb 14, 2025 at 2:08 PM EST

Key Points

The attention economy generates more than $100 billion annually by monetizing user time online.
Meta and Alphabet heavily profit from ad revenues, with Meta earning $160.6 billion in ad revenue in 2024.
Critics argue the attention economy exploits users, who become products for advertisers.

We might be fortunate to live in an era of abundant and free entertainment like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok, but there's a massive economy behind all that user-generated content that monetizes it for those companies and others.

This is often referred to as the attention economy -- the platforms hosting all that content are monetizing your attention. Keep reading to learn more about the attention economy.

A person using social media on a smartphone and laptop. — Image source: Getty Images.

What is the attention economy, exactly?

In the digital era, your attention has become one of the most valuable commodities in the world. Not only are there a lot of companies and devices competing for your attention online, but it's also a huge business, with some of the most valuable companies in the world owning those platforms. Alphabet owns YouTube (GOOG +1.16%)(GOOGL +1.18%). Facebook and Instagram are Meta Platforms' (META -1.09%) properties, and Apple (AAPL +2.04%), of course, makes money from devices like iPhones, iPads, and Mac computers that help consume the content driving the attention economy.

The attention economy is the ecosystem that creates and monetizes that content, generating more than $100 billion in revenue annually.

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Pros and Cons of the Attention Economy

The attention economy has become a significant component of the 21st-century economy and the way people spend their time, but it's not without some criticism.

One popular expression about the attention economy is that if the platform is free to use, then the user is the product. In other words, the people using the platform are sold to the advertisers to run the business, and user-generated content is simply a byproduct. Some users and watchdog groups are uncomfortable with the level of information platforms have on individuals, as well as their grip on time and attention, especially teenagers.

The attention economy goes hand-in-hand with social media, which has been accused of fostering screen addiction and making society more superficial and less connected, among other criticisms.

However, platforms like those above are also valuable for creators, influencers, and brands. The attention economy has grown to such a large size for a reason. It works, and any individual or brand can find and build an audience with the right kind of content.

How the attention economy works in the real world

Let's take a hypothetical example of how the attention economy might work in the real world.

Say you have a pizza chain called Joe's Pizzeria. To get more business, you turn Instagram into a platform to get more attention. You might find some local food influencers to post content about your restaurant or advertise directly on Instagram, showing pictures of your pizza or advertising deals.

This business model has become common in the attention economy. Most advertisers on Facebook and Instagram are small and medium-sized businesses, and the targeting features serve them well since they can advertise to specific zip codes and segment demographically according to age, gender, income level, and other factors.

The debate over the attention economy is likely to rage on, but social media and the attention economy that powers it are here to stay. After all, there are over 3 billion daily users of Meta's family of apps, and that number grows every quarter.

These companies have gotten our attention and will continue monetizing it. There are options for individuals who want to opt out of it, but it is almost certainly here to stay.

About the Author

Jeremy Bowman has been a contributing Motley Fool stock market analyst, covering technology, consumer goods, and macroeconomic trends since 2011. Before The Motley Fool, Jeremy was a newspaper reporter, restaurant manager, and English teacher abroad. He holds a bachelor’s degree in English from Colorado College and a master’s degree in business administration from American University. One of his Motley Fool headlines was briefly featured on Late Night with Stephen Colbert.

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Randi Zuckerberg, a former director of market development and spokeswoman for Facebook and sister to Meta Platforms CEO Mark Zuckerberg, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Suzanne Frey, an executive at Alphabet, is a member of The Motley Fool’s board of directors. Jeremy Bowman has positions in Meta Platforms, Netflix, and The Trade Desk. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Alphabet, Apple, Meta Platforms, Netflix, and The Trade Desk. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.