where r = the expected earnings growth rate
Let's say that RoboBasketball generated earnings per share of $3.30 over the last 12 months. Assume that the company will be able to grow its earnings by around 12.5% over the next five years. Finally, let's suppose the stock currently has a P/E multiple of 35.5. Using these figures, RoboBasketball's intrinsic value is:
($3.30 per share) x (1 + 0.125) x 35.5 = $131.79 per share
Asset-based valuation
The simplest way of calculating the intrinsic value of a stock is to use an asset-based valuation. The formula for this calculation is straightforward:
Intrinsic value = (Sum of a company's assets, both tangible and intangible) – (Sum of a company's liabilities)
What is RoboBasketball's intrinsic value using this approach? Let's assume the company's assets totaled $500 million. Its liabilities totaled $200 million. Subtracting the liabilities from the assets would give an intrinsic value of $300 million for the stock.
There is a downside to using asset-based valuation, though: It doesn't incorporate any growth prospects for a company. Asset-based valuation can often yield much lower intrinsic values than the other approaches.