How do repo agreements work?
In a repo agreement, lenders typically require overcollateralization to protect themselves against the risk that the securities will drop in value. As a result, assets pledged as collateral are discounted, which is often referred to as a haircut. The difference between the initial price of the securities and their repurchase price is known as the repo rate.
In the U.S., most repos are tri-party repo agreements, which means they’re settled through a third-party clearing bank. About 80% of daily traded volume on the tri-party repo market consists of overnight repos, or contracts that mature the next day.
But some repo agreements are known as open or on-demand repos, which means they have no maturity date. In an open repo, the contract rolls over from day to day, but either party can terminate the agreement at any time. The length of the agreement is known as its tenor; the tenor is similar to a bond’s maturity date. Generally, a longer tenor is associated with greater risk.
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