Bars

Here are the differences investors need to know.

By Matthew Frankel, CFP – Updated Sep 9, 2024 at 10:04 AM EST

Key Points

Stock represents overall ownership in a company; shares indicate specific units owned.
A stake is a general term for owning part of a company, not limited to stocks.
Stockholders and shareholders refer to owners of company stock; stakeholders have broader financial interest.

In investing, the terms "stock," "share," and "stake" are often used interchangeably, but it's important for all investors to realize that each term has its own distinct meaning.

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Stocks vs. shares

First let's look at stocks versus shares since these are the two terms that are most commonly confused, especially by newer investors. The main difference between a stock and a share is that stock is a broader concept to convey ownership in a company, while shares are the individual units of ownership.

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The words "stock" and "share" are often used interchangeably, but there are key differences between the two.

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Stocks are securities that represent ownership in a corporation. When an investor buys a company's stock, that person is not lending the company money but is buying a percentage of ownership in that company. In exchange for purchasing stocks in a given company, stockholders have a claim on part of its earnings and assets. Some stocks pay quarterly or annual dividends, which are a portion of the issuing company's earnings.

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Stock

A stock represents an ownership interest in a business. When a business wants to raise money, its board of directors determines the number of shares to issue.

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An individual unit of stock is known as a share. For example, if you were to say, "I own stock in Apple (AAPL -1.86%)," it tells us that you are invested in Apple stock and therefore own a small portion of the equity in the company. On the other hand, if you say, "I own 100 shares of Apple," it conveys the exact number of ownership units you have.

The key takeaway is that shares give information about an investment size, while the term "stock" does not by itself. An investor who buys a single share of Apple and Warren Buffett, whose company owns more than one billion shares of the tech giant, can both be accurately described as "owning stock" in Apple, although the size of their investments are very different.

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A share of stock represents ownership in a company, entitling holders to a portion of its assets, profits, and voting rights.

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What is a "stake?"

A stake is often used to describe the amount of stock an investor owns, and this is certainly a correct way to use the word. If you own stock in a given company, your stake represents the percentage of its stock that you own.

However, a stake doesn't necessarily need to refer to stock ownership. Rather, "stake" is a more general term used to convey partial ownership in a company. As an example, if you and a business partner decide to buy an investment property together, you could say that you both own a stake in the property even though there's no formal stock structure. In addition, bondholders are considered stakeholders in a company because they stand to benefit if the company performs well.

Additionally, if you invest in a smaller, non-public company, you might receive a stake in the business in exchange for your investment. Let's say a company is looking to raise $50,000 in exchange for a 20% stake in its business. Investing $50,000 in that company could entitle you to 20% of that business's profits going forward.

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Stakeholders

Stakeholders are the people and groups that affect or are affected by a company's actions.

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Stockholders, shareholders, and stakeholders

Those who own stocks in a public company may be referred to as stockholders, stakeholders, and shareholders, and. in reality, all three terms are correct.

Of these terms, stockholders and shareholders are essentially interchangeable in all situations. Both refer to investors who own shares of stock in a company. On the other hand, as you can probably infer from the previous section, stakeholder is a bit more general since it doesn't have to refer to stock ownership and simply means that the individual or entity has some form of financial interest in a business.

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About the Author

Matt Frankel, CFP, is a contributing Motley Fool stock market analyst specializing in the real estate and financial sectors. Prior to The Motley Fool, Matt taught high school and college mathematics. He holds a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of South Carolina, a master’s degree in mathematics from Nova Southeastern University, and a graduate certificate in financial planning from Florida State University. He won a SABEW award for coverage of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. He is also regularly interviewed by Cheddar, Globe St, The National Desk, and other TV networks and publications for his real estate, financial, stock market, and investing expertise.

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Matt Frankel has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Apple. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.