The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), signed into law after a rash of corporate malfeasance, was designed to protect U.S. investors. But it might be protecting us from investing in some great stocks.

The SOX effect
In response to the legislation, many international companies have opted to delist from a major exchange -- moving to the Wild West-like over-the-counter market -- to avoid SOX regulations.

Clive Crook, writing in The Atlantic, summed it up beautifully:

'Sarbox' is only one aspect of a regime of corporate regulation that seems, by international standards, increasingly persnickety, complex, and hazard-prone.

And a University of Chicago study found that since SOX passed, "The frequency of foreign listings on the NYSE and Nasdaq has fallen by nearly 63%." Furthermore, the study showed not just a decrease in new listings, but an increase in delistings because SEC regulation is so costly.

Dutch giant Ahold, one such delister, said the "benefits of maintaining a U.S. registration and a NYSE listing have declined over time."

Ouch
This migration has happened while international stocks have flat-out sizzled. In fact, the day SOX went into law, U.S. companies made up nine of the 10 largest companies on our domestic exchanges (BP was the lone foreigner).

Today, that number is down to five: ExxonMobil, General Electric, Microsoft, Procter & Gamble (NYSE: PG), and AT&T (NYSE: T).

Now, you could have bought the remaining foreign companies and others like them easily. Some list directly on our exchanges, such as Canada's Agnico-Eagle Mines (NYSE: AEM), which has both NYSE and Toronto listings, while others, such as Brazil's Vale (NYSE: RIO), Mexico's Cemex (NYSE: CX), and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (NYSE: TSM) offer American Depositary Receipts for U.S. investors. But the trend of fewer foreign listings means we're likely to be locked out of some unbelievable stocks. According to data from Capital IQ, only 15% of companies listed on the NYSE, Nasdaq, or AMEX are foreign.

Enter the Pink Sheets
The answer here is straightforward: It's up to you to find promising stocks.

One place worth a look is the Pink Sheets. Yes, that Pink Sheets.

If you'd owned shares of Nintendo or Volkswagen over the past year, you'd have doubled your money. But these companies aren't available on major U.S. exchanges -- they live alongside the dregs of the Pink Sheets and OTC markets.

Actually, the Pink Sheets, which carries a smattering of blue-chip companies amid distressed or fraudulent ones, is encouraging stratification among its ranks. Pink Sheets Chairman and CEO R. Cromwell Coulson told me he's trying to "change the OTC market from fraud risk to investment risk."

A clean, well-lighted place
To that end, he's launched a premium market tier called OTCQX, which, in Coulson's words, is meant to separate higher-quality companies "from the Pink Sheets stigma." (Last summer, that stigma led me to suggest that retail investors stay away from Pink Sheets stocks altogether. With caveats, I am backing off that conclusion.)

Built like the London Stock Exchange's AIM market, OTCQX requires listed companies to have reliable information and disclosure. As Coulson said, "Any company will be more efficiently valued if there's good information in the market." Amen.

OTCQX-qualifying stocks must have ongoing operations, audited financial statements, and a "sponsor," meaning an investment bank or securities attorney that verifies that the company meets all listing requirements. The goal is to bring OTCQX disclosure levels to the same plane as the NYSE or Nasdaq by creating "processes [that] put more information in the market."

Taming the Wild West
More information means better decisions. But don't jump into the Pinks headfirst. Retail investors would be wise to:

  • Research companies that only have up-to-date financial statements you trust (the "trust" part, incidentally, is a built-in advantage of searching only among OTCQX stocks).
  • Pay close attention to liquidity and bid/ask spreads.
  • Remember the normal due diligence required for foreign stocks: Look at political, national, and currency risks.

Our Global Gains newsletter has recommended three companies listed on the Pink Sheets. Our latest issue ranks the team's top five international stocks for new money. If you're interested, we offer a free trial without obligations to subscribe.

This article was first published Jan. 26, 2008. It has been updated.

Brian Richards owns shares of Microsoft, but no other companies mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of Cemex. Microsoft is a Motley Fool Inside Value recommendation. Cemex and Nintendo are Stock Advisor picks. Cemex is also a Global Gains selection. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy