Holochain
Holochain is a departure from the typical blockchain structure in that it does away with the global consensus mechanism. Each node is in charge of its own chain and records its own transactions. They're all still part of a network, but they operate independently. Nodes must follow a set of rules, and data validators ensure that nodes comply with these rules. If a node breaks these rules, validators notify the rest of the network.
Advantages to distributed ledger technology
The biggest advantages to distributed ledger technology are security, transparency, and decentralization.
A distributed ledger is much harder to attack than a central database. The network can have nodes around the world, all with their own copies of the ledger, so there's no central point of failure. Distributed ledgers are also immutable and can't be altered by any third party. For example, once a transaction is confirmed on a blockchain, no one can go back and change it later.
All the information on a distributed ledger is available to those on the network. If it's a public ledger, then it's available for anyone in the world to view. In industries where transparency is important, a distributed ledger will typically be a much more suitable choice than a private database.