What are operational activities?
Operating expenses are treated differently by the Internal Revenue Service, so it's important to understand what kinds of activities can generate them. To do this, you must first understand the business and the types of activities that are considered operational activities for the company. Operational activities can vary widely between industries and even between roles within industries.
For example, if a company sells cars that are pre-assembled, the primary operating activities of the company would all be related to selling those cars. Operating expenses might include salaries for the salespeople interacting with customers, marketers getting those customers in the door, secretaries answering telephone questions from the customers, and detailers cleaning the cars before showing them to customers.
This is different from the company that assembles the cars. The operating activities of the car manufacturer would include costs associated with assembling the car's doors, painting the car, putting wheels on the car, verifying that the cars meet specifications, and shipping the cars to dealerships to be sold.
Operating expenses vs. capital expenditures
Although operating expenses and capital expenditures (capex) sound like they're similar, or at least very closely related, they're actually two very different kinds of expenses that work together to help a company grow. Operating expenses, as stated above, cover all the day-to-day expenses that keeps a company running.
Capex, on the other hand, is all about investing in the company's future. These are expenses on assets that will remain in service for years. An example of a capital expenditure would be a new paint machine for a car manufacturing plant. Capex is generally deducted from corporate taxes over a number of years; operational expenses are taken in the year that it's spent.