Understanding data center REITs
A data center is a specially designed facility consisting of the building shell, electrical systems, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) mechanical systems, and other commercial space. Data centers feature highly secure and redundant equipment. They aim to provide customers with uninterrupted access to their data at any time.
Like most other real estate investment trusts (REITs), data center REITs rent space in their facilities to tenants. They typically rent space to multiple customers, as in co-location, but can rent the entire facility to one tenant. The tenants use the space to house their networking equipment and servers, allowing them to process and store data.
In addition to renting space, data center REITs provide several other specialized services to their customers, including highly reliable power, a regulated temperature, and physical building security. Data center REITs also provide interconnection services to their clients, meaning a physical network connection between two parties.
Types of data center REITs
Currently there are really not "types" of data center REITs. According to Nareit, there are literally just two pure play REITs in operation, and they are structured very similarly. They provide data storage and equipment to power some of the world's largest companies, ensuring they have both the physical and data storage space that they need to do business.
A third company is sometimes lumped into this group, but it largely focuses on storing and maintaining paper-based data, along with some data center functions.
Advantages of investing in data center REITs
Data center REITs allow investors to benefit from the growth in data usage. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the immense computing power required for it, the need for server farms and large facilities capable of significant data processing will continue to grow. That should drive the need for additional infrastructure to transmit and store data, including more data center capacity.
Another benefit of data center REITs is that they tend to be relatively recession-proof because most tenants sign long-term contracts for space in a data center, allowing data center REITs to generate recurring revenue.