Social Security spousal benefits are a common source of confusion. Nationwide Retirement Institute's 2025 Social Security Survey revealed the following:
- 30% of adults incorrectly marked this statement as false: Social Security may offer benefits for your spouse.
- 50% of adults incorrectly marked this statement as false: If you're divorced, you may be eligible for Social Security benefits based on your ex-spouse's record.
Those knowledge gaps could lead to costly financial mistakes. Here are four things retired couples need to know about Social Security spousal benefits in 2026.
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1. Spouses can claim Social Security on their partner's work record
Social Security retirement benefits are available to retired workers and spouses, even when the spouse has no work history. Spouses can claim benefits based on the earnings record of their retired partner under these conditions:
- The couple has been married for at least one year.
- The spouse is at least 62 years old.
- The partner is receiving retirement benefits.
In some cases, spouses will be entitled to retired-worker benefits based on their own earnings record, and spousal benefits based on the earnings record of their retired partner. In that case, the higher benefit will be awarded automatically.
2. Spouses maximize their Social Security benefit by claiming at full retirement age
How much Social Security income spouses receive depends on their claim age and the primary insurance amount (PIA) of their retired partner. PIA refers to the benefit a retired worker will get if they start Social Security at full retirement age (FRA), which is age 67 for anyone born in 1960 or later.
At most, spousal benefits equal 50% of the retired partner's PIA. To get that maximum payout, the spouse must delay Social Security until FRA. Spouses who claim before FRA will get a smaller payout (less than 50% of the retired partner's PIA). The exact reduction depends on how many months early benefits begin, but it would be most severe at 62, the earliest possible claim age.
The chart shows the spousal benefit (as a percentage of the retired partner's PIA) at different claim ages for anyone born in 1960 or later.
|
Age |
Social Security Benefit |
|---|---|
|
62 |
32.5% |
|
63 |
35% |
|
64 |
37.5% |
|
65 |
41.7% |
|
66 |
45.8% |
|
67 |
50% |
Data source: The Social Security Administration. Note: The percentages shown above represent spousal benefits as a portion of the partner's PIA.
Importantly, whereas retired workers earn delayed retirement credits that increase their benefit when they claim Social Security later than FRA, the same does not apply to spouses.
The upshot is retired-worker benefits are maximized at age 70, but spousal benefits are maximized at FRA.
3. Divorced spouses can collect Social Security benefits on their ex-partner's work record
Divorced spouses can still collect Social Security benefits based on the work record of their ex-partner, provided the following conditions are satisfied:
- The divorced spouse is at least 62 years old.
- The marriage lasted at least 10 years.
- The divorced spouse has not remarried.
- The spouse has been divorced for at least two years.
There are three points of potential confusion.
First, spouses usually can't collect benefits on their partner's earnings record unless that partner is also receiving retirement benefits, but that rule does not apply to divorced spouses. Second, divorced spouses can still collect benefits on their ex-partner's earnings record even if that ex-partner remarries. Only the spouse's marital status impacts eligibility.
Third, some divorced spouses worry that claiming Social Security on their ex-partner's record will impact that person's benefit. Others worry their ex-partner will be notified if they file for spousal benefits. Neither is true. The ex-partner's payout does not change, nor will they be notified if their former spouse claims Social Security on their earnings record.
4. Spouses cannot collect a spousal benefit while delaying their own retired-worker benefit
As mentioned, some spouses will be eligible for retired-worker benefits on their own earnings record, and they will be eligible for spousal benefits on their retired partner's earnings record. In that situation, the spouse cannot delay their retired-worker benefit to get delayed retirement credits while simultaneously collecting the spousal benefit.
Instead, when a spouse applies for Social Security, the application automatically covers retired-worker benefits and spousal benefits. The spouse will be awarded the larger payout.
But that rule only applies to retirement benefits (i.e., retired-worker benefits and spousal benefits). It does not apply to survivors benefits. A widow or widower could collect a survivors benefit while delaying their retired-worker benefit to earn delayed retirement credits.
