By the first half of 2024, $12 billion in cat bonds had been put out. By November, the average year-to-date return for the bonds was 12.31%, less than half the 26.47% return for the S&P 500. Even so, the Swiss Re index has posted only one losing year since its creation in 2002. In 2023, the index rose 20%, closer to the S&P's 24% gain for the year.
Catastrophe bond triggers
Unlike reinsurance contracts, which are usually effective for a 12-month period, cat bonds are generally multiyear deals. They can also typically be triggered in one of four ways: