An example of commodification in action
Technology hardware tends to be particularly prone to commodification trends. In the smartphone industry, Apple (AAPL -1.66%) is one of the only companies that has been able to avoid having its products become commoditized. Despite many companies manufacturing phones, Apple accounts for roughly 85% of all profits made on smartphone sales worldwide.
The tech giant has been able to command strong pricing power thanks to brand strength and the software-and-services ecosystem associated with its hardware. Most other companies in the category are stuck competing at low price points due to commodification. Because so many smartphones offer similar designs, screens, cameras, and other features, manufacturers are largely competing on pricing. As a result of smartphones being commoditized, it's possible to buy relatively high-quality hardware at a low price, and most competitors in the space generate only slim profits on each unit sold.