About the Author
The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Invest better with The Motley Fool. Get stock recommendations, portfolio guidance, and more from The Motley Fool's premium services.
Common stocks represent partial ownership in a company and are the type of stock most people buy. Common stocks offer voting rights, as well as the potential for dividends and capital appreciation. You can find information about a company's common stock in its balance sheet.
Simply put, each share of common stock represents a piece of ownership in a company. If a company does well or the value of its assets increases, common stock can appreciate.
On the other hand, if a company is doing poorly, common stock can decrease in value.
Shares of common stock allow investors to share in a company's success over time, which is why they can make excellent long-term investments.
In general, common stock entitles the holder to vote for corporate directors and to vote on policy changes and stock splits. There are a few exceptions to this rule, but in most cases, you'll have voting rights.
Some companies distribute a portion of their profits to common stockholders as dividends, and each common stockholder is entitled to a proportional share. But this isn't a requirement.
The other primary type of stock is preferred stock, which works a bit differently. One main difference is that preferred stock has a fixed, guaranteed dividend, while ordinary stock dividends can change over time or even be discontinued. On the other hand, preferred stocks don't entitle the holder to a share of the company's profits, so they don't have nearly as much long-term upside potential.
For these reasons, the prices of preferred stocks generally don't fluctuate as much as common stock.
Stock analysis is far too complex to thoroughly explain here, but there are some important things investors should keep in mind as they choose common stocks for their portfolios.
Just to name a few:
The procedure for investing in common stocks is straightforward. Here are the basic steps:
Equity is the value of what the stockholders own. On a company's balance sheet, common stock is recorded in the "stockholders' equity" section. This is where investors can determine the book value, or net worth, of their shares, which equals the company's assets minus its liabilities.
The main point is that total stockholders' equity equals the book value of the stock. However, that doesn't necessarily mean the stock trades for that amount. Rapidly growing companies may trade for several times their book value, while riskier or struggling companies may trade at a discount.
When buying a stock, investors don't have to wonder exactly what type of stock it is. Common stock is the default. Preferred stock will indicate in the name that the shares are preferred. Common stock is called common for a reason.