Shares outstanding refers to the number of shares of common stock a company has issued to investors and company executives. The number is used to calculate many common financial metrics, such as earnings per share (EPS) and market capitalization.
The number of outstanding shares can be found on a company's most recent quarterly or annual filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), usually on its balance sheet in the shareholders' equity section.

It's worth noting that a company's basic number of shares outstanding can differ from its fully diluted number of shares. The basic number is synonymous with the number of currently outstanding shares, while the fully diluted number accounts for the share equivalent of all warrants, capital notes, and convertible stock the company may have issued. The fully diluted number of shares indicates how many outstanding shares there could potentially be if all existing equity instruments were converted into common stock.
The image below shows a section of Apple's (AAPL +0.33%) balance sheet from 2016 through 2020. The second line from the bottom indicates the number of shares outstanding at the end of each fiscal year, and the bottom line indicates how many new shares were issued by Apple in that year. Total shares outstanding decreased from more than 21 billion in 2016 to less than 17 billion in 2020. The tech company spent billions buying back its stock during these years.
Outstanding vs. issued vs. float
A company's number of shares outstanding is the number of shares investors and company executives currently own, while the number of issued shares is the number of shares that have ever been traded in the stock market. A company's number of issued shares includes any shares the company has bought back and now holds in its treasury. The term "float" refers to the number of shares available to be traded by the public and excludes any shares held by company executives or the company's treasury.