Being a salaried employee means having the stability of a steady paycheck. It also means having to answer to a boss, and, in many cases, adhere to what could be a pretty rigid work schedule. It's no wonder, then, that a large number of workers contemplate going freelance each year.
Now there are plenty of good reasons to become self-employed. You get to be your own boss, set your own schedule, and take on projects that are interesting or meaningful to you. That said, there are certain financial implications of going freelance you'll need to account for when making the leap. Here are three in particular to know about for 2019.
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1. You'll be liable for self-employment taxes
When you're a salaried employee, taxes are taken out of your paychecks so that you don't have to worry about paying the IRS its share of your earnings. Not so when you're freelance. Independent workers are liable for self-employment taxes, and those taxes are due to the IRS on a quarterly basis throughout the year. Not only must you pay those taxes on time as a freelancer, but it's on you to calculate how much you owe (or get an accountant to do it for you).
Now one thing you should know going into 2019 is that self-employment taxes are going up for higher earners. Whether you're a salaried employee or a freelancer, 12.4% of your earnings up to a certain threshold get paid in the form of Social Security taxes. For the current year, that threshold is $128,400. If you're a salaried worker, you pay 6.2% of that Social Security tax and your employer pays the other 6.2%. If you're self-employed, you pay the entire 12.4%. Since the earnings cap for Social Security taxes is increasing to $132,900 in 2019, if you do well as a freelancer, you might be liable for an additional $558 in self-employment taxes as a result.
Of course, Social Security is only part of the self-employment tax picture. There are Medicare taxes you'll also be responsible for, and unlike Social Security, there's no income cap. This means that as a freelancer, you'll pay a 2.9% Medicare tax on all of your earnings. And if you're an individual tax filer earning over $200,000, or a joint filer earning over $250,000, you'll be hit with an additional 0.9% Medicare tax as well.
The good news in all of this is that you can deduct half of your self-employment taxes when you file your tax return. The bad news is that you'll need to come up with that money up front, so prepare for that major expense.
2. You can still save for retirement in a tax-advantaged plan
Many freelancers are quick to assume that they can't save for retirement in a tax-advantaged manner, but actually, there are several options available to self-employed workers that salaried employees don't get access to. If you're a freelancer without employees, one option you might consider is the SEP IRA. Short for simplified employee pension, a SEP IRA lets you contribute up to 25% of your net business earnings (your earnings minus your business expenses, SEP contribution, and half of your self-employment taxes) for a maximum of $56,000 in 2019. If you employ other people, saving in a SEP can get expensive because you must contribute the same amount to your workers' accounts, percentage-wise, that you put into your own plan. But if you don't have employees, this isn't an issue.
Another option you might consider is the SIMPLE IRA. Short for savings incentive match plan for employees, SIMPLE IRAs let you contribute up to $13,000 in 2019 if you're under 50, or $16,000 if you're 50 or older. If you employ other people, you must offer matching contributions for their accounts to a certain degree, though you don't have to contribute the same amount, percentage-wise, that you do to your own account. And if you're self-employed, you can fund your own account as both an employer and employee.
Finally, there's the Solo 401(k), which works similarly to employer-sponsored 401(k)s aside from the fact that you manage your plan yourself. Another key difference? Solo 401(k)s offer much higher contribution limits than traditional 401(k)s. In 2019, you'll have the option to contribute up to 25% of your self-employment income for a maximum of $56,000 if you're under 50, or $62,000 if you're 50 or older.
3. You'll need healthy emergency savings
A good 25% of freelancers actively worry about job security. And while salaried employees can easily fall victim to layoffs, there's generally a bit more stability associated with that sort of arrangement than there is in the freelance world. That's why if you're going to go freelance next year, you'll need a robust emergency fund first.
Ideally, that fund should have enough money to cover about six months' worth of living expenses. For salaried workers, that threshold can be a bit lower, but since self-employed individuals often experience bouts of slowness on the workflow front, it pays to have an added cushion if you're looking to work for yourself. Even if you secure a steady stream of work, you might find that some (or many) of your clients aren't so vigilant about paying you for that work in a timely fashion, which is why you'll need plenty of cash reserves.
Going freelance could end up being the most rewarding career decision you'll make in your life. Keep these points in mind if you think you'll make the transition next year so that you set yourself up for a financially sound 2019.
