Blockweave versus blockchain
Blockweave is a type of blockchain but with a twist. In a traditional blockchain ledger, data is stored sequentially. That is, each bit of data is stored one after the other, linked together like the links in a chain by encryption codes. So, if you were storing entries about who owned a particular house over time in a blockchain system, for example, the most recent owner would be at the end of the chain, connected to the person they bought it from, and so forth, back to the beginning of the records for that property.
In a Blockweave, this same chaining happens, but the new bit of data is also connected to a random piece of data somewhere else in the dataset. That's the "weave" part, if you will. The random data block is used to help verify that the computer adding the new data block is a legitimate block creator and that the new data is legitimate.