Advantages of a Coverdell ESA
The biggest advantage of using a Coverdell ESA to save for college is the investment flexibility. With most 529 savings plans -- the other college-specific investment account -- you'll have a choice between some ready-made portfolios or a menu of investment funds, just like you would have in a 401(k). On the other hand, money in a Coverdell ESA can be invested in virtually any stocks, bonds, ETFs, or mutual funds you want. For example, if you want to invest some of your kids' college savings in Microsoft (MSFT -2.44%) stock, a Coverdell ESA can allow you to do that.
There's also a bit more flexibility when it comes to using the money for non-college education expenses. Specifically, 529 plan withdrawals are limited to $10,000 for K-12 education, and tuition is the only allowable expense.
With a Coverdell ESA, you can use as much as you want toward K-12 education, and not just for tuition. You can use the money for books, supplies, tutoring services, and more.
Drawbacks of a Coverdell ESA
The biggest disadvantage of a Coverdell ESA is its contribution limit. Coverdell contributions are limited to $2,000 per year. The amount is a per-person limit, not a per-account limit. In other words, if you open a Coverdell ESA for your child's benefit, and their grandparents do the same, the total contributions to both accounts cannot exceed $2,000 per year.
For comparison, most 529 savings plans don't have annual contribution limits and have lifetime contribution limits well into the six-figure range. As an example, South Carolina's 529 savings plan limits total contributions to 529 accounts to $540,000 per beneficiary -- far in excess of what you could put into a Coverdell.
Also, there are no state tax advantages for contributing to a Coverdell ESA. Because they are state-run, 529 plan contributions are often deductible in the year they’re made on your state tax return.
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