Benefits and risks of investing in airline stocks
Benefits:
- Strong post-pandemic demand has held up. The rise of the global middle class and a focus on experiences over goods play into long-term demand for travel.
- The airlines have discovered how to price for profits, resulting in a period of record net income across the industry.
- New, technology-enabled pricing methods are allowing airlines to build multiple revenue streams.
Risks:
- Jet fuel is often an airline's largest variable expense, and the industry tends to suffer when oil and fuel prices are high.
- Airlines have mostly unionized workforces and a huge demand for skilled labor. Pilot shortages and work stoppages can impact costs, schedules, and reliability.
- Global demand for aircraft has left airlines with little pricing power when negotiating new jet purchases and has created vulnerabilities in the spare parts supply chain.
Methodology: How these stocks were chosen
Airlines are all in the same basic business -- moving people from point A to point B -- but the ways they schedule and price their services vary. For this list, we tried to provide a sampler of the best full-service airlines, discounters, and those in between.
These airlines are the best of the best in terms of financial performance, but they are unlikely to all trade together. Delta and United will benefit if corporate travel is strong, while Southwest tends to cater to vacationers. All airlines tend to be cyclical, doing better when the economy is strong and both people and businesses can afford to travel.
Should you invest in airline stocks?
Airline stocks can be rewarding, but remember that the sector is cyclical, and profits can swing quickly with fuel prices, labor costs, and the broader economy.
If you can tolerate volatility and believe travel demand will grow over time, a well-run airline can offer leveraged exposure to economic expansion. If you prefer steadier returns, consider limiting airlines to a small portion of your portfolio or buying into a transportation-focused exchange-traded fund (ETF) for diversified exposure.