Investing in Liquefied Natural Gas Stocks

Natural gas is an abundant resource. It's also cleaner and cheaper than other fossil fuels, such as oil and coal.

However, natural gas has a significant disadvantage. Gas must travel from production basins to market centers by pipeline. Since it's not easy to build pipelines across oceans, that puts many international markets out of reach. Companies must turn natural gas into a pressurized liquid and transport it using specialized ships that can carry it to overseas markets.

Energy companies are investing billions of dollars in building liquefaction facilities in hopes of cashing in on the growing international demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG). Here's a look at what's ahead for the sector and the companies in the best position to cash in on the growing global LNG demand.

Overview

An overview of the LNG market

Global LNG trade reached 404 million metric tons (MT) in 2023, according to industry leader Shell (SHEL 0.47%). That's 7 MT, or a 1.8% increase from 2022. The global LNG market stabilized in 2023 after a volatile 2022 when Russia's invasion of Ukraine sent prices soaring.

Shell expects global LNG demand to rise more than 50% by 2040. Fueling that forecast is China's industrial decarbonization and growing demand from other Asian countries.

Several companies are investing to meet future needs. They are exploring for more natural gas resources and also developing LNG export and import infrastructure. The investments could pay big dividends for LNG-focused companies, provided the demand grows as expected and pricing stays attractive.

Top LNG companies

What are the top LNG companies?

Many of the world's largest LNG producers are state-controlled companies. Qatargas, owned by the government of Qatar, is one of the world's largest LNG producers. Qatar was the world's top LNG producer until 2023, when the U.S. overtook the Middle Eastern nation as the LNG leader for the first time in history.

Although state-owned companies are a force in the LNG market, they're not alone. Several publicly traded energy companies rank among the LNG sector's biggest producers. Here are five top LNG stocks for investors to consider:

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1. Cheniere Energy

In 2016, Cheniere Energy became the first company to export LNG from the lower 48 states. It has invested more than $38 billion to become the leading U.S. LNG producer and the second-largest global producer. The company operates two LNG facilities along the U.S. Gulf Coast that export gas to foreign buyers:

• Sabine Pass: Located in Louisiana, the LNG facility has six fully operational liquefaction units, or ​"trains." Sabine Pass has the capacity to produce about 30 million metric tons per annum (MTPA) of LNG. The company has started the permitting process to potentially expand that facility by another 20 MTPA. It hopes to approve its next expansion phase by 2026.
• Corpus Christi: This Texas facility currently has three LNG trains with the capacity to produce roughly 15 MTPA of LNG. Cheniere was wrapping up the development of Corpus Christi Stage 3 at the end of 2024, which will add seven mid-scale trains that could produce more than 10 MTPA of LNG when completed. The company is also working on an adjacent expansion of its Stage 3 project to add two more LNG trains capable of producing another 3 MTPA of LNG that it hopes to approve in 2025.

Cheniere Energy's LNG operations buy natural gas on the open market and ship the gas to its facilities via third-party pipelines, as well as those it operates. It then liquefies the gas and sells roughly 90% to foreign buyers, such as utilities, under long-term, fixed-fee contracts. It makes the remaining supplies available to other buyers at the going market rate.

The company's contracted volumes provide it with predictable cash flow. It uses the money to repay debt, invest in expanding operations (e.g., Corpus Christi Phase 3), and reward shareholders through dividends (which it initiated in 2021) and share repurchases.

Cheniere announced its "20/20" long-term vision in 2022. It expects to produce more than $20 billion of available cash through 2026 and increase its distributable cash flow run rate to more than $20 per share. The forecast supports further debt reduction and share repurchases, and it plans to boost the dividend by more than 10% annually, all while investing in expanding its LNG capacity.

The company also is working to deliver even cleaner LNG. Cheniere is developing carbon capture and storage opportunities to lower the carbon intensity of its LNG. The initiatives may enable Cheniere to play a role in the energy transition to cleaner fuel sources.

2. Chevron

Chevron has a large and growing LNG portfolio. The company owns a 47.3% interest in Australia's Gorgon LNG, which has the capacity to produce 15.6 million metric tons of LNG each year. The company also has interests in the smaller 8.9 MTPA Wheatstone LNG facility in Australia and the 5.2 MTPA Angola LNG project.

The oil and gas giant is evaluating opportunities to expand its LNG business. Chevron is considering ways to supply gas to Europe. It signed contracts to buy LNG from U.S. plants operated by Cheniere and Venture Global with an eye toward exporting the gas to Europe. The company is also looking at other potential U.S. gas export opportunities.

However, it doesn't want to invest directly in U.S. LNG export projects because of the country's large midstream market. Instead, it plans to support projects through sale and purchase agreements with LNG developers.

3. ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil is a global leader in LNG. The oil and gas giant owns interests in several LNG projects across the world that produce 23 million tons per year. Notable investments include ownership interests in Gorgon LNG, PNG in Papua New Guinea, and several LNG trains in Qatar.

LNG is one of ExxonMobil’s four areas of strategic investment focus through 2027. The company is investing in several projects, aiming to grow its global capacity to 27 MTPA. One notable investment is the more than $10 billion Golden Pass LNG project in the U.S. The joint venture with QatarEnergy will have the capacity to export about 18 million tons of LNG per year starting by the end of 2025.

ExxonMobil is also working with QatarEnergy, Shell, TotalEnergies, and others to expand the North Field in Qatar. The two-phase expansion will feature six LNG trains that will grow the capacity from 77 MTPA to 126 MTPA by 2027. The first phase will cost an estimated $30 billion.

These investments will enable the oil giant to achieve its bold goal of roughly doubling the size of its LNG business to around 40 million tons per year by 2030.

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4. Shell

Shell was an early pioneer in the LNG market and has grown into a dominant force over the years. The company has LNG supply projects in 10 nations. It also has interests in a couple of regasification plants that turn LNG back into gas so it can flow through local pipeline systems.

Shell operates an integrated gas business. It controls supply by producing gas from a variety of fields. The company also operates LNG export facilities and markets LNG -- from its own facilities and those operated by third parties -- to customers around the world. The combination enables Shell to keep costs low to maximize the value of the LNG it produces.

The company has several integrated gas projects under construction to maintain and increase its LNG output. In addition to projects in Qatar, it's leading the development of LNG Canada. The two-train project will be able to produce 14 million metric tons of LNG each year when it becomes operational in 2025. Meanwhile, it has many more in development and potential expansions of existing facilities to fuel growth in the years to come. Shell will remain one of the driving forces in the LNG market. It's exploring several export opportunities in North America and Africa to capitalize on growing global gas demand.

5. TotalEnergies

TotalEnergies has made LNG a priority in recent years. The French energy giant's focus is on investing in renewable energy, electricity, and natural gas. It aims to have gas -- natural gas, hydrogen, and biogas -- supply 50% of its energy mix by 2030.

In addition to being one of the top oil companies investing in renewable energy, TotalEnergies has acquired and developed several LNG projects in recent years. The investments pushed it up the global rankings for production capacity. Combined with its third-party supply agreements, it's a leading global LNG player.

Like Shell, TotalEnergies' LNG operations are both integrated and global. It operates several production facilities around the world that supply gas to liquefaction complexes. It also runs a large-scale marketing and distribution arm that sells and delivers gas to customers. The integration helps it to get the most value from the LNG it produces.

TotalEnergies expects to continue expanding its LNG empire in the coming years. It set a sales target of 50 million tons of LNG by 2025, which it's on track to achieve. It has several projects under way to achieve that goal, including Mozambique LNG and NLNG Train 7 in Nigeria. It also joined forces with GIP and NextDecade (NEXT 1.46%) to participate in the Rio Grande LNG project in the U.S., which will grow its capacity in the country from 12 MTPA to more than 15 MTPA by 2030. The growth could enrich its investors if LNG demand expands as expected.

Related investing topics

LNG's bright future

LNG has a bright future

The world's economies will need an increasing supply of cleaner fuel in the decades ahead to help combat climate change. Due to its abundance and lower carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels when burned, natural gas appears poised to provide a significant portion of that supply. LNG gives it the global access needed to reach key markets.

LNG demand is growing, and supplies will likely remain tight until at least 2026 since it will take time to build more capacity. That fuels the belief that LNG stocks could do exceptionally well in the coming years as companies benefit from a global need for this type of fuel.

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