How to find the best defense stocks
The defense sector tends to be a stable group of companies with a few failures and a few standouts. Here are some tips for evaluating individual defense companies.
Listen to the customer
The Pentagon has an insatiable appetite for new equipment. But with aircraft carriers costing more than $10 billion and F-35 fighters priced at $100 million or more, the government can only buy so much. To identify the likely winners and losers, pay close attention to the budgeting process.
Early in the year, the Pentagon sends a funding request to Congress, which then holds hearings to discuss priorities and make final allocation choices throughout the spring and into the summer. An investor need not hang on every word. However, the budget request, available on the Pentagon's website, and commentary elsewhere can provide clues about which billion-dollar programs are administration priorities.
Follow the numbers
Companies often highlight massive contract awards in press releases without explaining that those big-dollar figures are often spread out over many years and may depend on Congress approving the funds. Pay attention to these metrics when evaluating defense stocks:
- Free cash flow: This is important for any business, but it can vary for defense contractors depending on whether their projects are new or well-established. Companies often spend more in the early stages of a production contract, temporarily depressing cash flow.
- Corporate backlogs: Investors should pay close attention to these, as they represent future contracts that have been awarded but not yet executed. How much of a backlog has been funded and how much must go through the congressional budgeting process can vary greatly.
- Book-to-bill ratio: This metric compares the value of orders received in a given quarter to the value billed in that quarter and indicates a company's growth potential. A growing company should have a book-to-bill ratio of at least 1.0, implying that orders for future products are being booked at a rate that equals or exceeds what is being shipped today.
Defense companies know investors are focused on these metrics and typically provide the relevant information in quarterly earnings reports or conference calls.
Benefits and risks of investing in defense stocks
There are pros and cons to investing in defense stocks. Here are some factors to consider before adding them to your portfolio.
Benefits
- Stable and predictable demand from a customer that invests in national security at all stages of the cycle.
- Long-term contracts give management teams strong revenue visibility, allowing for planning, and provide stability.
- High barriers to entry due to the specialized nature of the products and the difficulties of dealing with the government as a customer.
- A history of technological innovation that can translate outside of defense. From Velcro to the internet, many of the products we take for granted today originated either within or adjacent to the aerospace sector.
Risks
- Politics can be unpredictable, and changes in government priorities or a new administration can force management teams to rethink their long-term planning.
- Cost overruns are increasingly a problem for the contractor. If a company is not well run and does not keep its costs under control, it can eat into earnings.
- Supply chain chaos can lead to program delays. Large defense platforms rely on dozens of suppliers, each with layers of smaller vendors beneath it. An issue anywhere in that chain can lead to cost overruns or delays for the entire program.
- Ethical concerns are a common reason to avoid defense stocks. These companies make lethal weapons, and not all investors want that in their portfolio.
Key trends in the defense industry
Both age-old concerns and modern innovation shape the defense industry.
One key theme dominating the industry is the need to restock inventory. The U.S. weapons stockpile has been worn down, and many of the new contracts issued in 2026 will be more about replenishing old weapons than focusing on the new.
At the other end of the spectrum, defense innovation is evolving from a heavy industrial model to a more high-tech focus. No longer are the massive ships and planes the focus; rather, the electronics and sensors inside them are driving profit growth.
Defense stocks vs. defense ETFs
The choice between stocks and ETFs can come down to risk tolerance and desire for specialization. Investing in individual defense stocks involves picking winners and losers, with returns tied directly to a single corporation's performance, contract wins, and operational efficiency.
In contrast, defense ETFs provide a "basket" of various companies, including prime contractors, subcontractors, and technology specialists. This structure offers instant diversification, reducing the impact if one specific company loses a major government contract or faces a regulatory hurdle. However, while individual stocks have no ongoing fees, ETFs charge an expense ratio to cover administrative costs, which can eat into long-term gains.
Individual defense stocks are best suited for active or experienced investors who have the time to research specific government procurement cycles, geopolitical trends, and company balance sheets. On the other hand, defense ETFs are ideal for passive or conservative investors who want broad exposure to the sector's steady growth -- driven by rising global defense budgets -- without the stress of monitoring individual company news.
For the average person looking to hedge against geopolitical instability, the ETF offers a smoother ride with less volatility.
Are defense stocks right for your portfolio?
Defense companies manufacture lethal products and may support operations or intelligence-gathering that some find unsettling. Some investors don't want to support those activities and may avoid becoming shareholders in defense stocks.
Like many industrial stocks, defense stocks tend to be more plodding than high-flying technology or biotech stocks. But that also means they are less volatile than some sectors. Defense stocks are best suited for income-oriented investors seeking steady growth and rising dividends rather than immense valuation increases.
