
Stock
Dividend Income
Passive Income
Stock Market Volatility
Investing Account Type | Account Features | Need to Know |
---|---|---|
401(k) | Pre-tax contributions reduce taxes today. Potential employer-matching contributions. | Distributions in retirement are taxed as regular income. Penalties for early withdrawal. A $23,500 employee contribution limit in 2025. |
SEP IRA/Solo 401(k) | Pre-tax contributions reduce taxes today. Higher contribution limits than IRAs. | Distributions in retirement are taxed as regular income. Penalties for early withdrawal. A $70,000 total contribution limit in 2025. |
Traditional IRA | Ability to roll over 401(k) from former employers. Contribute retirement savings above 401(k) contributions. | Distributions in retirement are taxed as regular income. Penalties for early withdrawal. A $7,000 contribution limit in 2025. |
Roth IRA | Distributions are tax-free in retirement, and withdraw contributions are penalty-free. | Contributions are not pre-tax. Penalties for early withdrawal of gains. A $7,000 contribution limit in 2025. |
Taxable Brokerage | Contribute any amount to your account without tax consequences (or benefits). Withdraw money at any time. | Taxes are based on realized events (even if you don't withdraw proceeds). In other words, you may owe taxes on realized capital gains, dividends, and taxable distributions. |
Coverdell Education Savings Account | More control over investment choices. Withdrawals for qualified education expenses are tax-free. | A $2,000 annual contribution limit; further limits based on income. Taxes and penalties for nonqualified withdrawals. |
529 College Savings | Withdrawals allowed for qualified education expenses. Very high contribution limits. | More complicated and varies by state. Very high contribution limits, but fewer investment choices. Taxes and penalties for nonqualified withdrawals. |