These banks have enormous balance sheets and help to facilitate large transactions across global markets. Their role in international trade and incredible reach cannot be understated, which is why many were dubbed "too big to fail" during the 2008 financial crisis and Great Recession.
What do money-center banks do?
Money-center banks are involved in many different activities, including:
- Corporate banking. Money-center banks offer a range of services to their multinational corporate customers that include money management, lending, and trade financing.
- Investment banking. Underwriting securities, facilitating mergers, and advising on capital-raising strategies are also roles of money-center banks.
- Foreign exchange services. Money-center banks can act as a financial bridge across countries, offering currency trading and providing liquidity for the global foreign exchange markets.
- Securities trading. All kinds of securities are issued and traded through money-center banks, including equities, bonds, and derivatives.
Money-center banks versus traditional banks
At first glance, it may seem like money-center banks do pretty much the same thing that more traditional banks do. The difference is largely the clientele of a money-center bank vs. a main-street retail bank.
A traditional bank tends to cater to small businesses, families, and individuals; money-center banks offer similar services to global conglomerates, governments, and the occasional high-net-worth individual.
It gets very confusing when you realize that the same bank that's functioning as a traditional bank in your city is also acting as a money-center bank in a major financial hub. Wells Fargo (WFC -1.05%), Bank of America (BAC +1.60%), Citigroup (C -0.83%), and JPMorgan Chase (JPM +0.56%) are all examples of banks that do both. They can do this by having designated arms that function differently and are meant for different client bases.
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