What risks come with investing in international markets?
Although the rewards of investing in international stocks can be high, there are some risks to consider.
- International markets often see outsize impacts when economic conditions worsen.
- Political instability and other developments in a country can devalue an investment, and currency values can fluctuate.
- Geopolitical dynamics can lead to the withdrawal of support from institutional investors, resulting in poor stock performance.
- Investors can face higher levels of risk related to visibility on business operations and the reliability of reported financial results.
Taxes on international stock investments
International stocks may be subject to additional tax requirements beyond the standard tax liabilities of U.S.-based companies. In some cases, shareholders may owe taxes to both the U.S. and the country in which the company is domiciled.
Taxes on international stocks vary according to the rules of the underlying company's home country. This means there is no one-size-fits-all breakdown for how taxes on foreign companies are handled, and investors should familiarize themselves with the relevant tax structures before establishing significant positions in foreign equities.
U.S.-based investors will always owe taxes to the U.S. government on gains from international stocks, but they may also owe foreign taxes. The good news is that U.S. investors can either claim a tax credit or a deduction for foreign taxes paid on international stocks. This avoids double taxation.
If a U.S. citizen owns shares of a foreign stock that pays a dividend, the payout will typically be taxed based on the rules of the country in which the company is located. On the other hand, investors usually don't have to take any action to meet this tax liability. Part of the dividend payment will be automatically withheld and remitted to the government of the country where the business is headquartered.
When U.S. investors look at the 1099-B form connected to the dividend paid by the international stock, they will see that they have received a tax credit. This effectively prevents the shareholder from having to pay taxes on the dividend to both the U.S. and the country where the company is located.
Key differences between international and U.S. stocks
International companies with stocks that primarily trade on foreign exchanges may have different financial auditing, reporting, and visibility requirements than U.S. stocks, which are subject to requirements set by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Because of these differences, international stocks can carry risks that investors need to consider.
International stocks may also not trade directly on major U.S. exchanges. Instead, these stocks may be available to U.S. investors through American depositary receipts or traded over the counter.
Foreign companies are also more likely to fail to meet most U.S. investors' expectations for communication and reliability. Even foreign companies approved by the SEC to list ADRs on U.S. exchanges sometimes fail to meet reporting expectations.
Before investing in international stocks, consider how much risk you're comfortable with. While emerging markets grow faster, they also tend to be more volatile, so you may prefer to focus on developed economies. By establishing a clear strategy for your non-domestic portfolio, you are better positioned to endure market turbulence and pursue long-term gains.
Key trends in international stocks
While international stocks, as a broad category, have underperformed U.S. stocks in recent decades, they have recently been outperforming U.S. stocks in a big way. Here are some of the trends that have contributed to strong returns for international stocks over the last year.
- Geographic diversification momentum: After a long stretch in which U.S. stocks dramatically outperformed international stocks, investors have been aiming to identify market inefficiencies and opportunities that can deliver strong returns. A combination of domestic and international political dynamics has led some investors to increase their exposure to companies outside the U.S., and the continued weakening of the U.S. dollar has also supported growth in foreign investments.
- Focus on increased national and regional resilience: Geopolitical dynamics are shifting, and countries and regional blocs are repositioning to protect themselves if access to globalized markets and supply chains is diminished. Due to the importance of having control over artificial intelligence technologies, many countries and regions are making investments in "sovereign AI" -- the ability for a governing body to have access to and control its own artificial intelligence capabilities. Along similar lines, governments are making efforts to improve their ability to source minerals, conduct shipping and other forms of trade, and operate militarily without relying on external sources.
- Diversification away from the Magnificent Seven: The Magnificent Seven companies have played a major role in driving gains for the broader market over the last five years. These companies have generally delivered strong sales and earnings growth, and their leading positions in artificial intelligence have helped support bullish momentum. On the other hand, investors are also weighing valuation risks and looking for opportunities that could deliver the next stretch of big returns -- a trend that has encouraged bullish trading in top international stocks.
- Diversification away from other U.S. software stocks: In light of concerns about AI-related disruption, U.S. software stocks have faced some valuation pressures and volatility. U.S. software stocks have traditionally commanded valuation premiums over international software stocks, but international tech stocks have seen valuation support as investors seek out companies that still offer appealing valuations.
